Plastic Axial Load and Moment Interaction Curves for Fire-Exposed Steel Sections with Thermal Gradients

Current practice for the design of steel beam-columns (i.e., members under combined axial load and bending) subject to fire is to calculate the capacity of these members assuming a uniform temperature distribution through the depth of the section. This assumption may be acceptable for some members, but there are cases where the member will be heated nonuniformly, thereby developing a thermal gradient through its depth. This paper analyzes the effects of thermal gradients on the combined axial load $\left(P\right)$ -moment $\left(M\right)$ yield capacity of beam-columns and compares the yield capacity of members with temperature gradients to those with uniform temperature profiles. The prototype beam-columns used in this study are wide-flange (WF) steel sections that are part of a high-rise moment-resisting steel building. This study evaluates the effects of plate thickness, section depth, and the direction of bending (i.e., strong versus weak axis) on the plastic $P\text{-}M$ interaction diagram of WF sections with thermal gradients. Results show that a thermal gradient may have a significant effect on the yield capacity of beam-columns, and evaluations that are made assuming a uniform temperature through the section may lead to overestimations or underestimations of the true strength of the section.