Simple Phenomenological Model for Reinforcing Steel under Arbitrary Load
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 132, Issue 7
Abstract
A new formulation for a robust, yet simple, uniaxial material model for reinforcing steel subjected to arbitrary loading is presented. The model provides steel stress as an explicit function of the total steel strain and can account for nonlinear monotonic envelope curves, i.e., with a yield plateau and nonlinear strain hardening, degradation of the yield limit as a function of the plastic strain history (Bauschinger effect) and strain hardening phenomena. Suggested model input parameters for typical reinforcing steels used in the United States are provided and the characteristic behavior of the model is illustrated through comparison with experimental results.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
ASTM. (1999). “A 615/A 615M-96a: Standard specification for deformed and plain billet-steel bars for concrete reinforcement.” Annual book of ASTM standards, ASTM International, Philadelphia.
Balan, T. A., Filippou, F. C., and Popov, E. P. (1998). “Hysteretic model of ordinary and high-strength reinforcing steel.” J. Struct. Eng., 124(3), 288–297.
California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). (2004). Seismic design criteria, Version 1.3, Caltrans, Sacramento, Calif. ⟨http://www.dot.ca.gov⟩ (Jan. 18, 2005).
Comité Euro-International du Béton (CEB). (1996). “RC elements under cyclic loading: State-of-the-art report.” Bulletin d’information no. 230, Thomas Telford Service Ltd., London.
Dafalias, Y. F., and Popov, E. P. (1975). “A model of nonlinear hardening materials for complex loading.” Acta Mech., 21, 173–192.
Dodd, L. L., and Restrepo-Posada, J. I. (1995). “Model for predicting cyclic behavior of reinforcing steel.” J. Struct. Eng., 121(3), 433–445.
Eligehausen, R., Mayer, U., and Lettow, S. (2003). “Mitwirkung des betons zwischen den rissen in stahlbetonbauteilen.” Final Rep. DFG-Research Project EL 72/8-1, Institut für Werkstoffe im Bauwesen, Univ. of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany (in German).
Kent, D. C., and Park, R. (1973). “Cyclic load behavior of reinforcing steel.” J. British Society Strain Measurement, 9(3), 98–103.
Leslie, P. D. (1974). “Ductility of reinforced concrete bridge piers.” Master of Engineering Rep., Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Ma, S.-Y. M., Bertero, V. V., and Popov, E. P. (1976). “Experimental and analytical studies on the hysteretic behavior of reinforced concrete rectangular and T-beams.” Earthquake Engineering Research Center (EERC), Rep. UBC/EERC 76-2, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
Malvar, L. J., and Crawford, J. E. (1998). “Dynamic increase factors for steel reinforcing bars.” Proc., 28th DDESB Seminar, Orlando, Fla, ⟨http://www.nfesc.navy.mil⟩ (Jan. 18, 2005).
Menegotto, M., and Pinto, P. E. (1973). “Method of analysis for cyclically loaded RC plane fames including changes in geometry and non-elastic behavior of elements under combined normal force and bending.” Proc., IABSE Symp. on the Resistance and Ultimate Deformability of Structures Acted on by Well Defined Repeated Loads, Preliminary Rep., Lisbon, Portugal, 15–22.
Monti, G., and Nuti, C. (1992). “Nonlinear cyclic behavior of reinforcing bars including buckling.” J. Struct. Eng., 118(12), Dec., 3268–3284.
Morrow, J., and Sinclear, G. M. (1959). “Cyclic dependent stress relaxation.” Proc. Symp on Basic Mechanics of Fatigue, ASTM, STP–237.
Park, R., Kent, D. C., and Sampson, R. A. (1972). “Reinforced concrete members with cyclic loading.” J. Struct. Div. ASCE, 98(7), 1341–1360.
Ramberg, W., and Osgood, W. R. (1943). “Description of stress-strain curves by three parameters.” Technical Note 902, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, Washington, D.C.
Raynor, D. J., Lehman, D. L., and Stanton, J. F. (2002). “Bond-slip response of reinforcing bars grouted in ducts.” ACI Struct. J., 99(5), 568–576.
Stanton, J. F., and McNiven, H. D. (1979). “The development of a mathematical model to predict the flexural response of reinforced concrete beams to cyclic loads, using system identification.” Earthquake Engineering Research Center (EERC), Rep. UBC/EERC 79-02, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 132 • Issue 7 • July 2006
Pages: 1061 - 1069
Copyright
© 2006 ASCE.
History
Received: Jan 26, 2005
Accepted: Jun 2, 2005
Published online: Jul 1, 2006
Published in print: Jul 2006
Notes
Note. Associate Editor: Sashi K. Kunnath
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.