Visco-Elasto-Plastic Analysis of Steel Frames in Fire
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 128, Issue 1
Abstract
A finite element formulation for the analysis of two-dimensional steel frames either at ambient or elevated temperature is presented. The formulation includes both geometric and material nonlinearities, and a creep model. A new feature is the manner in which strain reversal is incorporated into the program. The program can analyze steel frames subjected either to (1) increasing external loads at ambient temperature or, (2) constant external loads at elevated temperatures. The program then gives predictions of (1) a collapse load or (2) critical temperature, whichever the case may be. This program has been applied to a number of experimental and analytical benchmark tests. Excellent agreement has been obtained in all these cases. Following on these benchmark tests, creep effects on the buckling of heated columns have also been studied. It shows that creep generally starts to be dominant beyond 400°C. In connection to this, the current simplified method for calculating the critical temperature in Eurocode 3 Pt. 1.2 is shown to be unsafe for columns with intermediate slenderness ratio under both uniform heating and nonuniform heating.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Bailey, C. G., Burgess, I. W., and Plank, R. J.(1996). “Computer simulation of a full-scale structural fire test.” Struct. Eng., 74(6), 93–100.
British Standard Institution (BST). (1990). “Structural use of steelwork in building. Part 8.” Code of practice for fire resistant design (BS5950, Part 8), London.
Burgess, I. W., Olawale, A. O., and Plank, R. J.(1991). “Failure of steel column in fire.” Fire Saf. J., 18, 183–201.
Cheng, W., and Mak, K.(1975). “Computer analysis of steel frame in fire.” J. Struct. Div. ASCE, 101(4), 854–866.
Cichoń, C.(1984). “Large displacements in-plane analysis of elastic-plastic frames.” Comput. Struct., 19, 737–745.
Commission of European Communities (EC3). (1992). “Design of steel structures: General rules and rules for buildings. Structural fire design, part 1.1.” Eurocode 3, Brussels.
Commission of European Communities (EC3). (1995). “Design of steel structures: General rules. Structural fire design, part 1.2.” Eurocode 3, Brussels.
Crisfield, M. A. (1991). Non-linear finite element analysis of solids and structures, Vol. 1, Wiley, Chichester, England.
Dorn, J. E. (1954). “Some fundamental experiments on high temperature creep.” Journal of the Mechanical and Physics of Solids, 3, Pergamon, London.
Dounas, S., and Golrang, B. (1982). Ståls mekaniska egenskaper vid höga temperature, Division of building fire safety and technology, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund, Sweden.
European Convention for Constructional Steelwork (ECCS), Technical Committee 3. (1985). Design Manual on the European Recommendations for the Fire Safety of Steel Structures, 1st ed. Brussels.
Furumura, F., and Shimohara, Y.(1978). “Inelastic behavior of protected steel beams and frames in fire.” Rep. Res. Lab. Eng. Mater., Tokyo Inst. Technol., 3, 1–14.
Harmathy, T. Z.(1967). “A comprehensive creep model.” J. Basic Eng. Trans., 89, 469–502.
Harmathy, T. Z.(1976). “Creep deflection of metal beams in transient heating processes, with particular reference to fire.” Can. J. Civ. Eng., 3(2), 219–228.
Lee, S. L., Manuel, F. S., and Rossow, E. C.(1968). “Large deflections and stability of elastic frames.” J. Eng. Mech. Div., 94 EM2, 521–547.
Levy, A.(1984). “High-temperature inelastic analysis.” Comput. Struct., 13, 249–256.
Najjar, S. R. (1994). “Three-dimensional analysis of steel frames and subframes in fire.” PhD thesis, Sheffield Univ., U.K.
Park, M. S., and Lee, B. C.(1996). “Geometrically non-linear and elastoplastic three-dimensional shear flexible beam elements of Von-Mises-type hardening material.” Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng., 39, 383–408.
Rubert, A., and Schaumann, P.(1986). “Structural steel and plane frameassemblies under fire action.” Fire Saf. J., 10, 173–184.
Rubert, A., and Schaumann, P.(1988). “Critical temperatures of steel columns exposed to fire.” Fire Saf. J., 13, 39–44.
Stanzak, W. W. (1967). “Fire tests on Wide-Flange Steel Beams Protected with Gypsum-sanded plaster.” Fire Study No. 16 of the Division of Building Research, National Research Council of Canada, June, 1967.
Toh, W. S. (2000). “Stability and strength of steel structures under ther-mal effects.” PhD thesis, CSE, Nanyang Technological Univ., Singapore.
Wang, Y. C., and Moore, D. B.(1995). “Steel frames in fire: analysis.” Eng. Struct., 17, 462–472.
Wong, M. B., Ghojel, J. I., and Crozier, D. A.(1998). “Temperature-time analysis for steel structures under fire conditions.” Struc. Eng. Mech., 6(3), 275–289.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 128 • Issue 1 • January 2002
Pages: 105 - 114
Copyright
Copyright © 2002 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 6, 2001
Accepted: Jul 9, 2001
Published online: Jan 1, 2002
Published in print: Jan 2002
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.