TECHNICAL NOTES
Nov 1, 1997
Spectator Live Loads during Football Games
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 123, Issue 11
Abstract
Dynamic spectator live loads on a steel bent were measured during several football games. Two types of dynamic forces were observed, one from crowd reactions after exciting plays and the other from rhythmic cheering. Dynamic load factors for rhythmic activities were less than 0.15 for the first harmonic and less than 0.05 for the second harmonic. No significant horizontal forces were recorded.
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References
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Allen, D. E.(1990). “Building vibrations from human activities.”Concrete Int., 12(6), 66–73.
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“Commentary A: serviceability criteria for deflections and vibrations.” (1990). Supplement to the National Building Code of Canada, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
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Ebrahimpour, A., and Sack, R. L.(1992). “Design live loads for coherent crowd harmonic movements.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 118(4), 1121–1136.
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Greimann, L. F., and Klaiber, F. W.(1978). “Dynamic forces induced by spectators.”J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 104(2), 348–351.
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Tuan, C. Y., and Saul, W. E.(1985). “Loads due to spectator movement.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 111(2), 418–434.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 123 • Issue 11 • November 1997
Pages: 1545 - 1547
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Nov 1, 1997
Published in print: Nov 1997
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Authors
Affiliations
Richard M. Bennett, Member, ASCE,
Prof., Dept. of Civ. and Envir. Engrg., Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-2010.
Kurt Swensson
Engr., Stanley D. Lindsey and Associates, Ltd., Atlanta, GA 30339.
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ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.
Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.