Seismic Performance of Single-Span Simply Supported and Continuous Slab-on-Girder Steel Highway Bridges
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 121, Issue 10
Abstract
Seismic response of single-span simply supported and continuous slab-on-girder steel bridges is studied. Linear elastic and nonlinear inelastic analyses are conducted for various ground-acceleration inputs. Bearings with higher stiffnesses that are closer to the edge of the deck are found to attract larger forces than other bearings, whereas bearings with small stiffness attract almost equal forces regardless of the width of the bridge. Assuming that the anchors of otherwise stable bearings are severed, sliding of the bridges is also investigated. It is found that narrower bridges with longer spans may have considerable sliding displacements and may fall off their supports if adequate seat width is not provided. Wider bridges with shorter spans can survive rather severe earthquakes, even more so in eastern North America. It is found that if bearings are not damaged, 2- and 3-lane continuous bridges with two spans of up to 40 and 50 m each, respectively, are capable to resist earthquakes with 0.4 g peak acceleration without any damage to columns. However, bridges with only about 80% of these spans can survive similarly intense earthquakes if the bearings are damaged.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Astaneh, A., and Roberts, J. (1993). Proceedings of the first U.S. Seminar on seismic evaluation and retrofit of steel bridges . Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
2.
Clough, R. W., and Penzien, J. (1975). Dynamics of structures . McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y.
3.
Degenkolb, O. H. (1978). “Retrofitting bridges to increase seismic resistance.”J. Tech. Councils of ASCE, 104(TC1).
4.
Dicleli, M. (1989). “Inelastic spectral analysis of structural systems under seismic excitations.” MSc thesis, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Middle East Tech. Univ., Ankara, Turkey.
5.
Dicleli, M. (1993). “Effects of extreme gravity and seismic loads on short to medium span slab-on-girder steel highway bridges,” PhD thesis, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
6.
Douglas, M. B. (1979). “Experimental dynamic response investigations of existing highway bridges.”Proc., Workshop on Earthquake Resistance of Hwy. Bridges, 497–523.
7.
Daun, L., and Chen, W.-F.(1989). “Design interaction equation for steel beam-columns.”J. Struct. Engrg., 115(5), 1225–1243.
8.
Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI). (1990). “Loma Prieta Earthquake reconnaissance report.”Spectra, Supplement to Vol. 6, Oakland, Calif.
9.
Federal Highway Administration. (1987). “Seismic design and retrofit manual for highway bridges.”Rep., FHWA-IP-87-6, U.S. Dept. of Transp., Washington, D.C.
10.
Ghobarah, A. A., and Ali, H. M. (1988). “Seismic performance of highway bridges.”Engrg. Struct., 10.
11.
Ghobarah, A. A., and Tso, W. K.(1974). “Seismic analysis of skewed highway bridges with intermediate supports.”Earthquake Engrg. and Struct. Dynamics, 2, 235–248.
12.
Heidebrecht, A. C., Basham, P. W., Rainer, J. H., and Berry, M. J.(1983). “Engineering applications of new probabilistic seismic ground-motion maps of Canada.”Can. J. Civ. Engrg., 10(4), 670–680.
13.
Heins, C. P., and Firmage, D. A. (1979). Design of modern steel highway bridges . John Wiley & Sons, New York, N.Y.
14.
Imbsen, R. A., and Penzien, J. (1979). “Evaluation of analytical procedures used in bridge seismic design.”Proc., Workshop on Earthquake Resistance of Hwy. Bridges, 468–496.
15.
Imbsen, R. A., and Penzien, J. (1984). “Evaluation of energy absorbing characteristic of highway bridges under seismic conditions.”Rep. UCB/EERC 84/17, Earthquake Engrg. Res. Ctr., Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
16.
Kawashima, K., and Penzien, J. (1976). “Correlative investigations on theoretical and experimental dynamic behavior of a model bridge structure.”Rep. UCB/EERC 76-26, Earthquake Engrg. Res. Ctr., Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
17.
Kulicki, J. M., and Clancy, C. M. (1993). “Seismic provisions for steel bridges.”Proc., 2nd Annu. Seismic Res. Workshop, Caltrans Dept. of Trans., Div. of Struct., Calif.
18.
Macrae, G. A., Kawashima, K., and Hasegawa, K. (1990). “Repair and retrofit of steel piers.”Proc., 1st U.S.-Japan Workshop on Seismic Retrofit of Bridges, Public Work Res. Inst., Tsakaba Science City, Japan, 405–424.
19.
National building code of Canada. (1990). Assoc. Committee on the Nat. Build. Code, Nat. Res. Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
20.
Penzien, J., and Chen, M. (1975). “Seismic response of highway bridges.”Proc., U.S. Nat. Conf. on Earthquake Engrg.
21.
Penzien, J., Imbsen, R., and Liu, W. D. (1981). NEABS, nonlinear earthquake analysis of bridge systems . Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
22.
Popov, E. P., Bertero, V. V., and Chandramouli, S. (1975). “Hysteretic behavior of steel columns.”Rep. UCB/EERC 75-11, Earthquake Engrg. Res. Ctr., Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
23.
Priestley, M. J. N. (1985). “Shear strength of bridge columns.”Proc., 2nd Joint U.S.-New Zealand Workshop on Seismic Resistance of Hwy. Bridges.
24.
Priestley, M. J. N.(1988). “The Whittier Narrows, California Earthquake of October 1987—damage to the I-5/I-605 separator.”Earthquake Spectra, 4(2), 389–405.
25.
Priestley, M. J. N., and Park, R.(1987). “Strength and ductility of reinforced concrete bridge columns under seismic loading.”ACI J., 84(1), 61–76.
26.
Saiidi, M., Orie, L., and Douglas, B.(1988). “Lateral load response of reinforced concrete bridge columns with a one-way pinned end.”ACI J., 85(6), 609–616.
27.
Schneider, S. P., and Roeder, C. W. (1992). “Behavior of weak column strong beam steel frames.”Proc., 10th World Conf. on Earthquake Engrg., Madrid, Spain.
28.
Standard specifications for highway bridges. (1961). Am. Assoc. of State Hwy. Officials (AASHO), Washington, D.C.
29.
Takanishi, K., and Ohi, K. (1984). “Shaking table test on three-storey braced and unbraced frames.”Proc., 8th World Conf. on Earthquake Engrg., San Francisco, California.
30.
Tseng, W. S., and Penzien, J. (1973). “Analytical investigations of the seismic response of long multiple-span highway bridges.”Rep. UCB/EERC 73-12, Earthquake Engrg. Res. Ctr., Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
31.
Uchida, Y., Morino, S., Kawaguchi, J., and Koyama, T. (1992). “Dynamic response of H-shaped steel beam-columns under two-directional ground motion.”Proc., 10th World Conf. on Earthquake Engrg., Madrid, Spain.
32.
Uniform building code. (1991). International Conference of Building Officials, Whittier, Calif.
33.
Williams, D., and Godden, W. G. (1975). “Seismic response of a curved highway bridge model.” Transp. Res. Board, Nat. Res. Council, Washington, D.C.
34.
Wilson, E. L., and Habibullah, A. (1990). SAP90 computer software for structural and earthquake engineering . Comp. and Struct. Inc., Berkeley, Calif.
35.
Wilson, J. C.(1986). “Analysis of the observed seismic response of a highway bridge.”Earthquake Engrg. and Struct. Dynamics, 14, 339–354.
36.
Zhu, T. J., Heidebrecht, A. C., and Tso, W. K.(1988). “Effect of peak ground acceleration to velocity ratio on ductility demand of inelastic systems.”Earthquake Engrg. and Struct. Dynamics, 16, 63–79.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 121 • Issue 10 • October 1995
Pages: 1497 - 1506
Copyright
Copyright © 1995 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Oct 1, 1995
Published in print: Oct 1995
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.