Lateral and Withdrawal Strength of Nail Connections for Manufactured Housing
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 120, Issue 12
Abstract
Current methods used in the design of nailed connections do not directly relate to the types of joints found in manufactured housing. These methods do not account for the construction practices used today, such as power nailing equipment, the use of nails with coated shanks, or the fabrication of joints with filler materials separating main wood members. A total of 640 joints were tested to investigate the effects of these five variables on lateral and withdrawal strength of nails: (1) Two wood species groups; (2) low‐ and high‐humidity environments; (3) hand‐ and power‐driven nails; (4) uncoated and coated nail shanks; and (5) presence or absence of filler material in a joint. Tests verified that lateral strength increases with increasing wood density and that as environments become less humid and the moisture content of wood decreases, lateral strength and stiffness of nailed connections increase. In the dry environment, the withdrawal strength of coated nails was almost 90% higher than that of uncoated nails in joints with an oriented strandboard (OSB) filler and almost 40% higher when no filler was used. In high‐humidity conditions, no differences were observed between joints with coated nails and those with uncoated nails. In most other cases, the OSB filler reduced withdrawal strength by an overall average of 25%. This reduction is proportional to the amount of penetration into the solid wood member; therefore, nail length should be increased when an OSB filler is present.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Borkenhagen, E. H., and Heyer, O. C. (1950). “Resistance to direct withdrawal of various types of nails driven into green and dry wood and subjected to cycles of wetting and drying.” Internal Rep., U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wis.
2.
Deutsch, J. J., and Mechler, J. J. (1952). “Withdrawal resistance of machine and hand‐driven nails,” B.S. civil engineering thesis, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.
3.
Federal specification FF‐N‐105B: wire, cut and wrought nails, staples and spikes. (1971). United States General Services Administration (GSA), Washington, D.C.
4.
Heck, G. E. (1950). “Effect of atmospheric changes on wall‐panel fastenings.” Internal Rep., U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory.
5.
Lawniczak, M. (1956). “Influence of variations in the moisture content of wood on its nail holding power.” Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (Translation No. 3303), Commonwealth of Australia, Melbourne, Australia.
6.
National design specification for wood construction. (1991). National Forest Products Association (NFPA), Washington, D.C.
7.
Soltis, L. A., Nelson, W., and Winistorfer, S. G. (1990). “Static strength of simulated ceiling and floor connections in modular or manufactured housing.” Forest Products J., 43(4), 11–18.
8.
Standard method of testing small clear specimens of timber; ASTM D143. (1983a). ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa.
9.
Standard test methods for specific gravity of wood and wood‐base materials; ASTM D2395. (1983b). ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa.
10.
Standard test methods for mechanical fasteners in wood; ASTM D1761. (1988). ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa.
11.
Stern, E. G. (1952). “Strength of auto‐nailer assembled skids.” Rep. No. 10, VPI Wood Research Laboratory, Blacksburg, Va.
12.
Wood handbook: wood as an engineering material. Agriculture handbook 72. (1987). Revised, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory, Washington, D.C.
13.
Youngquist, W. G., and Scholten, J. A. (1951). “Comparative holding power of common wire nails and new type powernails manufactured by the powernail company.” Internal Rep., U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1994 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 9, 1993
Published online: Dec 1, 1994
Published in print: Dec 1994
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.