Slenderness $K$ Factor for Leaning Columns

A simple method that evaluates the slenderness $K$ factor for leaning columns with sidesway uninhibited and partially inhibited is presented. The proposed method is applicable to the stability analysis of columns with pinned end connections in frames with rigid, semirigid, and simple connections. The proposed method and formulas are general and simple to apply yielding results within 1% of the theoretical values. The minimum amount of lateral stiffness or bracing required to make a leaning column totally braced (i.e., with $K=1$) is also discussed. Three design examples using the American Institute of Steel Construction's (AISC's) Load Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) method are presented in detail that demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.