Crack Band Based Model for FEM Analysis of Concrete Structures
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 116, Issue 6
Abstract
The paper presents a theory for a fracture energy based finite element model for reinforced concrete capable of following strain‐softening process both in tension and compression. The element describing concrete behavior is based on a crack band concept with a crack band area parameter employed to maintain objectivity for irregular meshes. A variable shear reduction factor is used to account for shear stiffness changes due to the formation of crack bands. No restriction is placed on the number and direction of strain‐softening planes crossing an element. The implication of this feature is discussed in detail. Some existing crack‐band models with more restrictive features are shown to be particular cases of this more general formulation. A tension‐softening steel element that accounts for effects of local bond slip of reinforcement is described. The performance of the model is demonstrated via examples. These show good agreement between experimental behavior and theoretical prediction.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Bathe, K. J., and Ramaswamy, S. (1979). “On three‐dimensional nonlinear analysis of concrete structures.” Nucl. Engrg. Des., 52, 385–409.
2.
Bažant, Z. P. (1986). “Distributed cracking and nonlocal continuum.” Finite element methods for nonlinear problems, Europe‐U.S. Symp., Trondheim, Norway, 1985, P. G. bergan et al., eds., Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 77–102.
3.
Bažant, Z. P., and Cedolin, L. (1979). “Blunt crack band propagation in finite element analysis.” J. Engrg. Mech. Div., ASCE, 105(2), 307–315.
4.
Bažant, Z. P., and Oh, B. H. (1983). “Crack band theory for fracture of concrete.” Materiaux et Constructions, 16(93), 155–177.
5.
Bédard, C., and Kotsovos, M. D. (1985). “Applicatiogn of NLFEA to concrete structures.” J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 111(12), 2691–2707.
6.
Bédard, C., and Kotsovos, M. D. (1986). “Fracture processes of concrete for NFLEA methods.” J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 112(3), 573–587.
7.
de Borst, R. (1987). “Smeared cracking, plasticity, creep and thermal loading—A unified approach.” Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Engrg., 62(1), 89–110.
8.
de Borst, R., and Nauta, P. (1985). “Non‐orthogonal cracks in a smeared finite element model.” Engrg. Comput., 2(1), 35–46.
9.
Divakar, M. P., Fafitis, A., and Shah, S. P. (1987). “Constitutive model for shear transfer in cracked concrete.” J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 113(5), 1046–1061.
10.
Gajer, G., and Dux, P. F. (1988). “A crack band model for finite element analysis of concrete structures.” Research Report No. CE89, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
11.
Gajer, G., and Dux, P. F. (1989). “Strain‐softening analysis of concrete structures.” Accepted for publication in Comput. Struct., 33(2), 575–582.
12.
Giuriani, E. (1982). “On the effective stiffness of the bar in cracked concrete.” Bond in Concrete, Bartos, P., Applied Science Publishers, London, United Kingdom, 107–126.
13.
Hillerborg, A. (1985). “Results of three comparative test series for determining fracture energy of concrete.” Mater. Struct., 18(107), 407–413.
14.
Hillerborg, A., Modeer, M., and Patersson, P. E. (1976). “Analysis of crack formation and crack growth in concrete by means of fracture mechanics and finite elements.” Cem. Concr. Res., 6(6), 773–782.
15.
Kong, F. K., et al. (1978). “Structural idealization for deep beams with web openings: Further evidence.” J. Concr. Res., 30(103), 89–95.
16.
Lin, C.‐S., and Scordelis, A. C. (1975). “Non‐linear analysis of RC shells of general form.” J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 101(3), 523–538.
17.
Litton, R. W. A. (1976). “A contribution to the analysis of concrete structures under cyclic loading,” thesis presented to the University of California, at Berkeley, Calif., in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of .
18.
Nilson, A. H., et al. (1982). State‐of‐art report on finite element analysis of reinforced concrete. ASCE, New York, N.Y.
19.
Niyogi, S. K. (1974). “Concrete bearing strength—Support, mix, size effect.” J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 100(8), 1685–1702.
20.
Ramon, L., et al. (1981). “Microcracking and behavior of high strength concrete subject to short‐term loading.” J. Amer. Concr. Inst., 78(3), 179–186.
21.
Vecchio, F., and Collins, M. P. (1982). “The response of reinforced concrete to inplane shear and normal stresses.” Publication 82‐03, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1990 ASCE.
History
Published online: Jun 1, 1990
Published in print: Jun 1990
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.