Tension‐Stiffening Model for Planar Reinforced Concrete Members
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 116, Issue 11
Abstract
This paper introduces a simple, practical, and operational two‐dimensional hypoelastic model for reinforced concrete with emphasis on a new approach for the description of tension stiffening. The tension‐softening behavior of plain concrete members and, tension‐stiffening behavior of reinforced concrete members are described. A new approach to define the post‐cracking stress‐strain curve of concrete in a reinforced concrete member for finite element analysis is proposed. In this method, all the main parameters influencing the behavior of concrete in a reinforced concrete member in tension are taken into account. It is a global approach in which the average effect over a region is modeled. A simple incremental hypoelastic model for concrete in plane‐stress conditions is presented in which two types of fixed crack model and two types of rotating crack model are considered. The model predictions are compared with the results of tests of reinforced concrete members in uniaxial tension, of reinforced concrete panels in shear, and of reinforced concrete plates, simply supported along their four sides and loaded axially and laterally.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Aghayere, A. O., and MacGregor, J. G. (1988). “Stability of concrete plates.” Struct. Engrg. Rep. No. 157, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
2.
Bažant, Z. P., and Oh, B. H. (1983). “Crack band theory for fracture of concrete.” Mat. and Structs., (Matériaux et Constructions), 16(93), 155–177.
3.
CEB model code for concrete structures: International recommendation. (1978). 3rd Ed., Cement and Concr. Assoc, London, United Kingdom.
4.
Collins, M. P., and Mitchell, D. (1987). Prestressed concrete basics. Canadian Prestressed Concr. Inst., Ottawa, Canada.
5.
Collins, M. P., Vecchio, F. J., and Mehlhorn, G. (1985). “An international competition to predict the response of reinforced concrete panels.” Canadian J. Civ. Engrg., 12(3), 624–644.
6.
“Cracking and deformations.” (1985). Bulletin d'information No. 158, Comité Euro‐International du Béton (CEB), Paris, France.
7.
“Cracking of concrete members in direct tension.” (1986). J. Amer. Concr. Inst., 83(1), 3–13.
8.
Elwi, A. A., and Murray, D. W. (1979). “A 3D hypoelastic concrete constitutive relationship.” J. Engrg. Mech. Div., ASCE, 105(4), 623–641.
9.
Gerstle, W., Ingraffea, A. R., and Gergely, P. (1982). “Tension stiffening: A fracture mechanics approach.” Bond in Concrete, P. Bartos, ed., Applied Science Publishers, London, United Kingdom, 97–106.
10.
Gopalaratnam, V. S., and Shah, S. P. (1985). “Softening response of plain concrete in direct tension.” J. Amer. Concr. Inst., 82(3), 310–323.
11.
Guo, Z.‐H., and Zhang, X.‐Q. (1987). “Investigation of complete stress deformation curves for concrete in tension.” ACI Mat. J., 84(4), 278–285.
12.
Hillerborg, A. (1985). “Numerical methods to simulate softening and fracture of concrete.” Fracture mechanics of concrete, G. C. Sih and A. Ditommaso, eds., Martinus Nijhoff Publ., Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 141–170.
13.
Kompfner, T. A. (1983). “Ein finites Elementmodell für die geometrisch und physikalisch nichtlineare Berechnung von Stahlbeton‐schalen,” thesis presented to the Institut für Baustatik, Universitat Stuttgart, at Stuttgart, W. Germany, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (in German).
14.
Kupfer, H. B., and Gerstle, K. H. (1973). “Behavior of concrete under biaxial stresses.” J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 99(4), 853–866.
15.
Kupfer, H., Hilsdorf, H. K., and Rüsch, H. (1969). “Behavior of concrete under biaxial stresses.” J. Amer. Concr. Inst., 66(8), 656–666.
16.
Link, R. A., Elwi, A. E., and Scanlon, A. (1989). “Tension stiffening in concrete panels.” J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 115(8), 1647–1662.
17.
Massicotte, B., Elwi, A. E., and MacGregor, J. G. (1988). “Analysis of reinforced concrete panels loaded axially and transversely.” Struct. Engrg. Rept. No. 161, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
18.
Massicotte, B., MacGregor, J. G., and Elwi, A. E. (1989). “Behavior of concrete panels subjected to axial and lateral loads.” J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 116(9), 2324–2343.
19.
Milford, R. V., and Schnobrich, W. C. (1984). “Numerical model for cracked reinforced concrete.” Int. Conf. Computer Aided Analysis and Design of Concr. Structs., F. Damjanic et al., eds., Pineridge Press, Swansea, United Kingdom.
20.
Raphael, J. M. (1984). “Tensile strength of concrete.” J. Amer. Concr. Inst., 81(2), 158–165.
21.
Rizkalla, S. H., Hwang, L. S., and El Shahawi, M. (1983). “Transverse reinforcement effect on cracking behaviour of R.C. members.” Canadian J. Civ. Engrg., 10(4), 566–581.
22.
Rostásy, F. S., Koch, R., and Leonhart, F. (1976). “Zur mindestbewehrung für Zwang von auBenwänden aus Stahlleichbeton.” Deutscher Ausschuss für Stahlbeton, No. 267, 1–83 (in German).
23.
Saenz, L. P. (1964). Discussion of “Equation for the stress‐strain curve of concrete,” by P. Desayi and S. Kirshnan, J. Amer. Concr. Inst., 61(9), 1229–1235.
24.
“State of the art report on high strength concrete.” (1984). J. Amer. Concr. Inst., 81(4), 364–411.
25.
Stegmtiller, H., et al. (1983). “Theoretische grundlagen zum FE‐programm system NISA 80.” Mitteilung Nr. 1, Institut für Baustatik der Universität Stuttgart, W. Germany (in German).
26.
Vecchio, F. J., and Collins, M. P. (1982). “The response of reinforced concrete to in‐plane shear and normal stresses.” Publication No. 82‐03, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
27.
Yankelevsky, D. Z., and Reinhardt, H. W. (1987). “Response of plain concrete to cyclic tension.” ACI Mats. J., 84(5), 365–373.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1990 ASCE.
History
Published online: Nov 1, 1990
Published in print: Nov 1990
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.