Response of Masonry Bed Joints in Direct Shear
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 115, Issue 9
Abstract
This paper examines the horizontal bed joint shear failure mode and the shear load‐displacement behavior of unreinforced brick masonry during static and cyclic loading. Laboratory tests are conducted on masonry samples using a servo‐controlled direct shear apparatus. A total of 44 tests are conducted on old clay unit‐1:2:9 mortar specimens and 9 tests on new clay unit‐1:1.5:4.5 mortar specimens (laboratory specimens). In addition, three tests are conducted on field specimens collected from older brick walls damaged during the Whittier earthquake. In general, under cyclic shear loading, masonry bed joints show a peak strength for the first cycle followed by residual shear strength. Both peak and residual shear strengths are well represented by the Mohr Coulomb criterion, with friction coefficients ranging between 0.64 and 0.75 for the laboratory specimens. The field specimens show lower shear strength values. The pre‐peak response of masonry bed joints can best be represented by a hyperbolic curve and their shear stiffness depends on both the shear displacement and normal load level.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Annual book of ASTM standards: Soil and rock, building stones. (1988). Amer. Soc. for Testing and Matls., Philadelphia, Pa.
2.
Calvi, B. M., Macchi, G., and Zanon, P. (1985). “Random cyclic behavior of reinforced masonry under shear action.” Proc., 7th Int. Brick Masonry Conf., Melbourne, Australia, Feb.
3.
“Commentary to Chapter 25 of the Uniform Building Code of 1985.” (1986). The Masonry Soc., Boulder, Colo., July.
4.
Dawe, J. L., and McBride, R. T. (1985). “Experimental investigation of the shear resistance of masonry panels in steel frames.” Proc., 7 th Int. Brick Masonry Conf., Melbourne, Australia, Feb.
5.
Drysdale, R. G., Vanderkeyl, R. V., and Hamid, A. A. (1979). “Shear strength of brick masonry joints.” Proc., 5th Int. Brick Masonry Conf., Paper 11–13, Washington, D.C.
6.
Gillette, D., Sture, S., and Ko, H. Y. (1983). “Dynamic behavior of rock joints.” Proc., 24th U.S. Symp. on Rock Mech., Texas A & M. College Park, Tex.
7.
Goodman, R. E. (1976). “Methods of geological engineering.” West Publ.
8.
Hamid, A. A. (1978). “Behavior characteristics of concrete masonry.” Thesis presented to McMaster University, at Hamilton, Canada, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
9.
Hamid, A. A., and Drysdale, R. G. (1980). “Behavior of brick masonry under combined shear and compression loading.” Proc., 2nd Canadian Masonry Symp., Ottawa, Canada, June.
10.
Hegemier, G. A., et al. (1978). “On the behavior of joints in concrete masonry.” Proc., North Amer. Masonry Conf., Boulder, Colo., Aug.
11.
Kariotis, J. C., Ewing, R. D., and Johnson, A. W. (1985). “Strength determination and shear failure modes of unreinforced brick masonry with low strength mortar.” Proc., 7th Int. Brick Masonry Conf., Melbourne, Australia, Feb.
12.
Kulhaway, F. H. (1975). “Stress‐deformation properties of rock and rock discontinuities.” Engrg. Geol., 8, 327–350.
13.
Mayes, R. L., and Clough, R. W. (1975a). “State‐of‐the‐art in seismic shear strength of masonry—An evaluation and review.” Dept. No. EERC 75‐21, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif., Oct.
14.
Mayes, R. L., and Clough, R. W. (1975b). “A literature survey—Compressive, tensile, bond and shear strength of masonry.” Rept. No. EERC 75‐13, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif., June.
15.
Meli, R. (1973). “Behavior of masonry walls under lateral loads.” Proc., 5th World Congress on Earthquake Engrg., 853–862.
16.
Nuss, L. K. (1978). “The parameters influencing shear strength between clay masonry units and mortar tested using shear masonry specimens.” Thesis presented to the University of Colorado, at Boulder, Colorado, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science.
17.
Nuss, L. K., Noland, J. L., and Chinn, J. (1978). “The parameters influencing shear strength between clay masonry units & mortar.” Proc., North Amer. Masonry Conf., Boulder, Colo., Aug.
18.
Pook, R. L., Stylianou, M. A., and Dawe, J. L. (1986). “Experimental investigation of the influence of compression on the shear strength of masonry joints.” Proc., 4th Con. Masonry Symp., Fredericton, N.B., Canada, June.
19.
Saeb, S., and Amadei, B. (19 ). “Modeling joint response under constant or variable normal stiffness boundary conditions.” Int. J. Rock Mech. and Mining Sci.
20.
Sinha, B. P., and Hendry, A. W. (1969). “Racking tests on storey‐height shear wall structures with openings, subjected to precompression.” Proc., Int. Conf. on Masonry Struct. Systems, Univ. of Texas at Austin, Tex., 192–199.
21.
Stöckl, S., and Hofmann, P. (1986). “Tests on the shear‐bond behavior in the bedjoints of masonry.” Masonry Int., 9, Dec., 1–15.
22.
Stöckl, S., and Hofmann, P. (1988). “FE‐calculation for various test set‐ups to determine the shear bond properties of mortar joints in masonry.” Presented to RILEM Committee LUM 76, Bonn, W. Germany, June 30–July 1.
23.
Uniform building code—1985. (1985). Int. Conf. of Building Officials, Whittier, Calif., May.
24.
Yokel, F. Y., and Fattal, S. G. (1975). “A failure hypothesis for masonry shear walls.” Rept. No. NBSIR 75‐703, Nat. Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C., May.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 115 • Issue 9 • September 1989
Pages: 2276 - 2296
Copyright
Copyright © 1989 ASCE.
History
Published online: Sep 1, 1989
Published in print: Sep 1989
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.