TECHNICAL PAPERS
Aug 1, 1986

K‐Factor Paradox

Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 112, Issue 8

Abstract

It is demonstrated how the K‐factor concept can give rise to peculiarities that are in direct conflict with the common‐sense approach to design. For example, although a buckling analysis may indicate a K‐value greater than or smaller than 1.0 for a leaning column in an unbraced frame, the designer will always adopt K=1.0 for proportioning such columns. However, the K‐factors obtained from the buckling analysis are the correct values to be included in the moment magnifier expression. The contradictions created by the K‐factor are also apparent in frames with semirigid as well as fully rigid connections. It is proposed that all these anomalies can be eliminated by employing column interaction equations that do not make use of the K‐factor.

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References

1.
American Concrete Institute, “Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete,” ACI 318‐83, ACI, Detroit, Mich., Sept., 1984.
2.
American Institute of Steel Construction, “Specification for the Design, Fabrication and Erection of Structural Steel for Buildings,” AISC, Chicago, Ill., 1978.
3.
American Institute of Steel Construction, “Proposed Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification for Structural Steel Buildings,” AISC, Inc., Chicago, Ill., Sept. 1, 1983.
4.
Cheong‐Siat‐Moy, F., “Consideration of Secondary Effects in Frame Design,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 103, No. ST10, Paper 13292, Oct., 1977, pp. 2005–2019.
5.
Cheong‐Siat‐Moy, F., Clifford, G., and Downs, T., “Use of Amplification Factors in Frame Design,” presented at the Apr. 5, 1979, ASCE National Convention, held at Boston, Mass.
6.
Cheong‐Siat‐Moy, F., and Downs, T., “New Interaction Equation for Steel Beam‐Columns,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 106, No. ST5, Paper 15422, May, 1980, pp. 1047–1061.
7.
Cheong‐Siat‐Moy, F., Eidan, S., and Assaf, M., “Comparison of Design Guidelines for Frames,” Proceedings of Structural Stability Research Council Technical Session, Apr. 10–11, 1984, San Francisco, Calif.
8.
Cheong‐Siat‐Moy, F., “Frame Instability Consideration in LRFD,” presented at the Sept. 16, 1985, ASCE Structural Engineering Congress, held at Chicago, Ill.
9.
LeMessurier, W. J., “A Practical Method of Second‐Order Analysis, Part 2—Rigid Frames,” Engineering Journal, American Institute of Steel Construction, Vol. 14, No. 2, Second Quarter, 1977, pp. 49–67.

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Go to Journal of Structural Engineering
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 112Issue 8August 1986
Pages: 1747 - 1760

History

Published online: Aug 1, 1986
Published in print: Aug 1986

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Authors

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Francois Cheong‐Siat‐Moy
Prof., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., California State Univ., Sacramento, CA 95819

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