Stochastic Combination of Load Effects
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 110, Issue 7
Abstract
The problem of evaluating the probability that a structure becomes unsafe under a combination of loads over a given time period is addressed. The loads and load effects are modeled as either pulse (static problem) or intermittent continuous (dynamic problem) processes. The load coincidence method is extended to problems with both nonlinear limit states and dynamic responses. Results are compared with other methods, namely, methods based on upcrossing rate, simpler combination rules and Monte Carlo simulation. It is found that the load coincidence method is a versatile method for load combination of many types. It generally gives conservative results with good accuracy.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Bennet, R. M., and Ang, A. H.‐S., “Investigation of Methods for Structural System Reliability,” Civil Engineering Studies, Structural Research Series No. 510, UILU‐Eng‐83‐2014, Univ. of Illinois, Sept., 1983.
2.
Bergman, L. A., and Heinrich, J. C., “On the Reliability of the Linear Oscillator and Systems of Coupled Oscillators,” International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol. 18, 1982, pp. 1271–1295.
3.
Breitung, K., and Rackwitz, R., “Nonlinear Combination of Load Processes,” Journal of Structural Mechanics, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1982, pp. 145–166.
4.
Cramer, H., and Leadbetter, M. R., Stationary and Related Stochastic Processes, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, N.Y., 1967.
5.
Der Kiureghian, A., “Second Moment Combination of Stochastic Loads,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 104, No. ST10, Oct., 1978, pp. 1551–1567.
6.
Ditlevsen, O., and Madsen, H. O., “Probabilistic Modeling of Man‐Made Load Processes and Their Individual and Combined Effects,” Proceedings, ICOSSAR 1981, Trondheim, Norway, June 23–25, 1981.
7.
Gaver, D. P., and Jacobs, P. A., “On Combinations of Random Loads,” SIAM Journal of Applied Mathematics, Vol. 40, No. 3, June, 1981, pp. 454–466.
8.
Hasofer, A. M., and Lind, N. C., “An Exact and Invariant First Order Reliability Format,” Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE, Vol. 100, No. EM1, 1974, pp. 111–121.
9.
Hasofer, A. M., “Time Dependent Maximum of Floor Live Loads,” Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE, Vol. 100, No. EM5, Oct., 1974, pp. 1086–1091.
10.
Hohenbichler, M., and Rackwitz, R., “Non‐normal Dependent Vectors in Structural Safety,” Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE, Vol. 107, No. EM6, Dec., 1981, pp. 1227–1238.
11.
Larrabee, R. D., and Cornell, C. A., “Upcrossing Rate Solution for Load Combinations,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 105, No. ST1, Jan., 1979, pp. 125–132.
12.
Larrabee, R. D., and Cornell, C. A., “Combination of Various Load Processes,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 107, No. ST1, Jan., 1981, pp. 223–239.
13.
Lutes, L. D., Chen, Y.‐T., and Tzuang, S.‐H., “First Passage Approximations for Simple Oscillators,” Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE, Vol. 107, No. EM6, Dec., 1980, pp. 1111–1124.
14.
Pearce, H. T., and Wen, Y‐K., “On Linearization Points for Nonlinear Combination of Stochastic Load Processes,” submitted to Structural Safety, Elsevier Publishing Co.
15.
Pearce, H. T., and Wen, Y. K., “A Method for the Combination of Stochastic Time Varying Load Effects,” Civil Engineering Studies, Structural Research Series No. 507, University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill., June, 1983.
16.
Schwarz, R. F., and Schuëller, G. I., “Reliability of Structures Under Combined Loading,” Proceedings, Specialty Conference on Probabilistic Mechanics and Structural Reliability, Tucson, Ariz., Jan., 1979, pp. 112–120.
17.
Shinozuka, M., “Random Processes in Engineering Mechanics,” Proc. 4th ASCE Engineering Mech. Div., Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind., May 22–25, 1983.
18.
Shinozuka, M., and Tan, R., “Probabilistic Load Combination and Crossing Rates,” Proceedings, Symposium on Probabilistic Methods in Structural Engineering, ASCE, St. Louis, Mo., Oct. 26–27, 1981.
19.
Turkstra, C. J., “Theory of Structural Design Decision,” University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 1970.
20.
Vanmarcke, E. H., “On the Distribution of the First Passage Time for Normal Stationary Random Processes,” Transactions, ASCE, Vol. 42, Series E, Journal of Applied Mechanics, No. 1, Mar., 1975.
21.
Veneziano, D., Grigoriu, M., and Cornell, C. A., “Vector‐Process Models for System Reliability,” Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE, Vol. 103, No. EM3, June, 1977, pp. 441–460.
22.
Wen, Y.‐K., “Statistical Combination of Extreme Loads,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 103, No. ST5, May, 1977, pp. 1079–1093.
23.
Wen, Y.‐K., “Equivalent Linearization for Hysteretic System under Random Excitation,” Journal of Applied Mechanics, Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 47, No. 1, Mar., 1980.
24.
Wen, Y.‐K., “Methods for Reliability of Structures under Multiple Time Varying Loads,” Nuclear Engineering and Design, Vol. 60, 1980, pp. 61–71.
25.
Wen, Y‐K., and Pearce, H. T., “Stochastic Models for Dependent Load Processes,” Civil Engineering Studies, Structural Research Series No. 489, University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill., Mar., 1981.
26.
Wen, Y‐K., and Pearce, H. T., “Recent Developments in Probabilistic Load Combination,” Proceedings, Symposium on Probabilistic Methods in Structural Engineering, ASCE, St. Louis, Mo., Oct. 26–27, 1981.
27.
Wen, Y.‐K., “A Clustering Model for Correlated Load Processes,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 107, No. ST5, May, 1981, pp. 965–983.
28.
Wen, Y.‐K., and Pearce, H. T., “Combined Dynamic Effects of Correlated Load Processes,” Nuclear Engineering and Design, Vol. 75, 1983, pp. 179–189.
29.
Winterstein, S. R., “Combined Dynamic Response: Extremes and Fatigue Damage,” Department of Civil Engineering, MIT, Report No. R80‐46, Dec., 1980.
30.
Winterstein, S. R., and Cornell, C. A., “Clustering Effects on Failure Rates of Combined Loads,” paper submitted to the Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1984 ASCE.
History
Published online: Jul 1, 1984
Published in print: Jul 1984
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.