Earthquake Resistant Tensile Lap Splices
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 109, Issue 4
Abstract
A review of current code requirements on lap splices and their limitations in seismic design is presented. A simple analytical model of an embedded bar is examined and correlated with available experimental data. The force transfer mechanisms of lap splices and the effects of properly placed transverse reinforcement to avoid brittle failure are studied. The author concluded that: (1) Concentrated transverse reinforcement at the ends of lap splices and in contact with the longitudinal reinforcement is structurally beneficial; and (2) sharp offset bends must be avoided to prevent fatigue failure in the lapped reinforcement and to prevent excessive bursting forces in concrete in the event of severe tensile load reversals.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Aristizabal‐Ochoa, J. D., Fiorato, A. E., and Corley, W. G., “Tension Lap Splices Under Severe Load Reversals,” Proceedings of the World Conference Earthquake Engineering, Sept., 1980, Vol. 7, pp. 55–62.
2.
Aristizabal‐Ochoa, J. D., Fiorato, A. E., and Corley, W. G., “Earthquake Resistant Structural Walls—Tests of Lap Splices,” Report to National Science Foundation submitted by PCA Construction Technology Laboratories, Sept., 1979.
3.
Arthur, P. D., and Cairns, J. W., “Compression Laps of Reinforcement in Concrete Columns,” The Structural Engineer, No. 1, Vol. 56B, Mar., 1978, pp. 9–12.
4.
Betzle, M., “Bond Slip and Strength of Lapped Bar Splices,” Douglas McHenry International Symposium on Concrete and Concrete Structures, American Concrete Institute, SP 55‐20, 1978, pp. 493–514.
5.
“Bond Stress—The State of the Art,” ACI Committee 408, Journal of the American Concrete Institute, Vol. 63, No. 11, Nov., 1966, pp. 1161–1189.
6.
Bresler, B., and Bertero, V. V., “Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Under Repeated Load,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 94, No. ST6, June, 1968, pp. 1567–1590.
7.
Brown, R. H., and Jirsa, J. O., “Reinforced Concrete Beams Under Load Reversals,” Journal of the American Concrete Institute, Vol. 68, No. 5, May, 1971, pp. 380–390.
8.
“Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318‐77),” American Concrete Institute, Detroit, Mich., 1977, p. 102.
9.
Chinn, J., Ferguson, P. M., and Thompson, J. N., “Lapped Splices in Reinforced Concrete Beams,” Journal of the American Concrete Institute, Vol. 52, No. 2, Oct., 1955, pp. 201–213.
10.
Colaco, J. P., and Siess, C. P., “Behavior of Splices in Beam‐Column Connections,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 93, No. ST5, Oct., 1967, pp. 175–193.
11.
Ferguson, P. M., “Small Bar Spacing or Cover—A Bond Problem for the Designer,” Journal of the American Concrete Institute, Vol. 74, No. 9, Sept., 1977, pp. 435–439.
12.
Ferguson, P. M., and Breen, J. E., “Lapped Splices for High Strength Reinforcing Bars,” Journal of the American Concrete Institute, Vol. 62, No. 9, Sept., 1965, pp. 1063–1077.
13.
Goto, Y., “Cracks Formed in Concrete Around Deformed Tension Bars,” Journal of the American Concrete Institute, Vol. 68, No. 4, Apr., 1971, pp. 244–251.
14.
Hassan, F. M., and Hawkins, N. M., “Effects of Post‐Yield Loading Reversals on Bond Between Reinforcing Bars and Concrete,” Report SM 73‐2, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Washington, Mar., 1973, 244 pp.
15.
Hawkins, N. M., “Development Length Requirements for Reinforcement Bars Under Seismic Conditions,” Proceedings, Workshop on Earthquake‐Resistant Reinforced Concrete Building Construction, July, 1977, pp, 696–704.
16.
“Interaction Between Steel and Concrete,” ACI Committee 408, Journal of the American Concrete Institute, Vols. 76 and 77, Nos. 1 and 2, Jan.–Feb., 1979.
17.
Ismail, M. A. F., and Jirsa, J. O., “Bond Deterioration in Reinforced Concrete Subject to Low Cycle Loads,” Journal of the American Concrete Institute, Vol. 69, No. 6, June, 1972, pp. 334–343.
18.
Ismail, M. A. F., and Jirsa, J. O., “Behavior of Anchored Bars Under Low Cycle Overloads Producing Inelastic Strains,” Journal of the American Concrete Institute, Vol. 69, No. 7, July, 1971, pp. 433–438.
19.
Lutz, L. A., and Gergely, P., “Mechanics of Bond and Slip of Deformed Bars in Concrete,” Journal of the American Concrete Institute, Vol. 64, No. 11, Nov., 1967, pp. 711–721.
20.
Nilson, A. H., “Internal Measurement of Bond Slip,” Journal of the American Concrete Institute, Vol. 69, No. 7, July, 1972, pp. 439–441.
21.
Orangun, C. O., Jirsa, J. O., and Breen, J. E., “A Reevaluation of Test Data on Development Length and Splices,” Journal of the American Concrete Institute, Vol. 74, No. 3, Mar., 1977, pp. 114–122.
22.
Orr, D. M. F., “Lap Splicing of Deformed Reinforcing Bars,” Journal of the American Concrete Institute, Vol. 73, No. 11, Nov., 1976, pp. 622–627.
23.
Perry, E. S., and Jundi, N., “Pullout Bond Stress Distribution Under Static and Dynamic Repeated Loadings,” Journal of the American Concrete Institute, Vol. 66, No. 5, May, 1969, pp. 377–380.
24.
Pfister, J. F., and Mattock, A. H., “High Strength Bars at Concrete Reinforcement Park 5. Lapped Splices in Concentrically Loaded Columns,” Journal of the PCA Research and Development Laboratories, Vol. 5, No. 2, May, 1963, pp. 1–40. (Also reprinted as PCA Development Department Bulletin D63.)
25.
Popov, E. P., “Mechanical Characteristics and Bond of Reinforcing Steel Under Seismic Conditions,” Proceedings, Workshop on Earthquake‐Resistant Reinforced Concrete Building Construction, July, 1977, pp. 658–682.
26.
“Reinforcing Bar Splices,” Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute, 3rd ed., Chicago, Ill., 1975, 30 pp.
27.
Rezansoff, T., Bufkin, M. P., Jirsa, J. O., and Breen, J. E., “The Performance of Lapped Splices Under Rapid Loading,” Research Report 154‐2, Center for Highway Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Jan., 1975, 92 pp.
28.
Rice, P. F., “Rebar Splices: Cutting Costs, Avoiding Errors,” Civil Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 47, No. 8, Aug., 1977, pp. 73–74.
29.
Somerville, G., and Taylor, H. P. J., “The Influence of Reinforcement Detailing on the Strength of Concrete Structures,” The Structural Engineer, Vol. 50, No. 1, Jan., 1972, pp. 7–19.
30.
Tepfers, R., “A Theory of Bond Applied to Overlapped Tensile Reinforcement Splices for Deformed Bars,” Publication 73:2, Division of Concrete Structures, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg, Sweden, 1973, 328 pp.
31.
Thompson, M. A., Jirsa, J. A., Breen, J. E., and Meinheit, D. F., “The Behavior of Multiple Lap Splices in Wide Sections,” Research Report 154‐1, Center for Highway Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Jan., 1975, 75 pp.
32.
“Uniform Building Code,” International Conference of Building Officials, Whittier, Calif., 1976, pp. 300–406.
33.
Untrauer, R. E., and Warren, G. E., “Stress Development of Tension Steel in Beams,” Journal of the American Concrete Institute, Vol. 74, No. 8, Aug., 1977, pp. 368–372.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 109 • Issue 4 • April 1983
Pages: 843 - 858
Copyright
Copyright © 1983 ASCE.
History
Published online: Apr 1, 1983
Published in print: Apr 1983
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.