Field Survey of Permeable Pavement Surface Infiltration Rates
Publication: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 133, Issue 3
Abstract
The surface infiltration rates of 40 permeable pavement sites were tested in North Carolina, Maryland, Virginia, and Delaware. Two surface infiltration tests (pre- and postmaintenance) were performed on 15 concrete grid paver lots filled with sand. Maintenance was simulated by removing the top layer of residual material . Simulated maintenance significantly improved the surface infiltration rate. The median site surface infiltration rate increased from for existing conditions to after simulated maintenance. Fourteen permeable interlocking concrete pavers (PICP) and eleven porous concrete (PC) sites were also tested. PICP and PC sites built in close proximity to disturbed soil areas had surface infiltration rates significantly ( and , respectively) less than stable landscape sites. Median PICP surface infiltration rates of each condition were and , respectively. Median PC surface infiltration rates with and without fines were and , respectively. This study showed that: (1) the location of permeable pavements; and (2) maintenance of permeable pavements were critical to maintaining high surface infiltration rates.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
Financial support was provided by the Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute (ICPI) and the North Carolina Department of Environmental Health and Natural Resources, administrator of the EPA 319(h) grants. The contributions of Brandon Eckrote, Zach Woodward, Lucas Sharkey, and L. T. Woodlief were critical in the data collection. The writers appreciate Jonathan Smith’s assistance, guidance, and support. The property owners, town officials, and extension agents who assisted in site selection and background information for each site were also vital to this study.
References
ASTM. (2003a). “Standard test method for infiltration rate of soils in field using double-ring infiltrometer.” ASTM D 3385, West Conshohocken, Pa.
ASTM. (2003b). “Standard classification for sizes of aggregate for road and bridge construction.” ASTM D 448-03a, West Conshohocken, Pa.
Balades, J. D., Legret, M., and Madiec, H. (1995). “Permeable pavements: Pollution management tools.” Water Sci. Technol., 32(1), 49–56.
Booth, D. B., Leavitt, J., and Peterson, K. (1996). “The University of Washington permeable pavement demonstration project.” The Center for Water and Watershed Studies, ⟨http://depts.washington.edu/cwws/Research/Reports/rc3.pdf⟩ (July, 20, 2004).
Bouwer, H., Back, J. T., and Oliver, J. M. (1999). “Predicting infiltration and ground-water mounds for artificial recharge.” J. Hydrol. Eng., 4(4), 350–357.
Brattebo, B. O., and Booth, D. B. (2003). “Long-term stormwater quantity and quality performance of permeable pavement systems.” Water Res., 37(18), 4369–4376.
Gerrits, C., and James, W. (2002). “Restoration of infiltration capacity of permeable pavers.” Proc., 9th Int. Conf. on Urban Drainage, ASCE, Portland, Ore.
Hunt, W. F., Stephens, S., and Mayes, D. (2002) “Permeable pavement effectiveness in eastern North Carolina.” Proc., 9th Int. Conf. on Urban Drainage, ASCE, Portland, Ore.
Leopold, L. B., Wolman, M. G., and Miller, J. P. (1964). Fluvial processes in geomorphology, W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco.
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NC DENR). (1995). Rep. 15A NCAC 2H.1008(b), Division of Water Quality, Raleigh, N.C.
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NC DENR). (1997). Stormwater best management practice design manual, Division of Water Quality, Raleigh, N.C.
Pratt, C. J., Mantle, J. D. G., and Schofield, P. A. (1995). “UK research into the performance of permeable pavement, reservoir structures in controlling stormwater discharge quantity and quality.” Water Sci. Technol., 32(1), 63–69.
Rushton, B. (2001). “Low-impact parking lot design reduces runoff and pollutant loads.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 127(3), 172–179.
Sansalone, J. J., and Buchberger, S. G. (1995). “An infiltration device for as a best management practices for immobilizing heavy metals in urban highway runoff.” Water Sci. Technol., 32(1), 119–125.
SAS. (2003). SAS user’s guide: Statistics, ver. 8.2, SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, N.C.
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). (1986). “Technical release 55: Urban hydrology for small watersheds.” Rep. No. PB87–101580, Washington, D.C.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). (2000). “Storm water phase II final rule: Small MS4 storm water program overview. Factsheet 2.0.” Doc. No. 833-F-00–002, Washington, D.C.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 133 • Issue 3 • June 2007
Pages: 249 - 255
Copyright
© 2007 ASCE.
History
Received: Dec 11, 2005
Accepted: Sep 25, 2006
Published online: Jun 1, 2007
Published in print: Jun 2007
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.