Performance-Based Optimization of Land and Water Resources within Irrigation Schemes. I: Method
This article is a reply.
VIEW THE ORIGINAL ARTICLEThis article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 132, Issue 4
Abstract
Optimum land and water allocation to different crops grown in different regions of an irrigation scheme is a complex process, especially when these irrigation schemes are characterized by different soils and environment and by a large network of canals. At the same time if the water supply in the irrigation schemes is limited, there is a need to allocate water both efficiently and equitably. This paper describes the approach to include both productivity (efficiency) and equity in the allocation process and to develop the allocation plans for optimum productivity and/or maximum equity for such irrigation schemes. The approach presented in this paper considers the different dimensions of equity such as water distribution over the season, water distribution during each irrigation, and benefits generated. It also includes distribution and conveyance losses while allocating water equitably to different allocation units. This paper explains the approach with the help of the area and water allocation model which uses the simulation–optimization technique for optimum allocation of land and water resources to different crops grown in different allocation units of the irrigation scheme.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Abderrahman, W. A., Khan, A. U., and Eqnaibi, B. S. (1989). “Systems approach for irrigation management of complex projects involving a large number of farmers under severely arid regions.” Proc., Speciality National Water Conf., Newark, Del., 398–405.
Abernethy, C. L. (1986). “Performance measurement in canal water management: A discussion.” ODI-IIMI Irrigation Management Network Paper 86/2d, Overseas Development Institute, London, U.K.
Abernethy, C. L. (1989). “Performance criteria for irrigation systems.” Proc., Int. Conf. on Irrigation Theory and Practice, J. R. Rydzewski and K. Ward, eds., Univ. of Southampton, Southampton, U.K.
Akhand, N. A., Larson, D. L., and Slack, D. C. (1995). “Canal irrigation allocation planning model.” Trans. ASAE, 38(2), 545–550.
Bernardo, D. J., Whittlesey, N. K., Saxton, K. E., and Bassett, D. L. (1988). “Irrigation optimization under limited water supply.” Trans. ASAE, 31 (3), 712–719.
Burton, M. A. (1994). “A simulation of water allocation policies in times of water shortage.” Irrig. Drain. Syst., 8, 61–81.
Chambers, R. (1988). Managing canal irrigation: Practical analysis from South Asia, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
English, M. (1990). “Deficit irrigation I: Analytical framework.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 116(3), 399–412.
Evans, E. M., Lee, D. R., Boisvert, R. N., Arce, B., Steenhuis, T. S., Prano, M., and Poats, S. V. (2003). “Achieving efficiency and equity in irrigation management: An optimization model of the El Angel watershed, Carchi, Ecuador.” Agricultural Systems, 77, 1–22.
Gorantiwar, S. D. (1995). “A model for planning and operation of heterogeneous irrigation schemes in semi-arid regions under rotational water supply.” Ph.D. thesis, Loughborough Univ. of Technology, Loughborough, Leicestershire, U.K.
Gorantiwar, S. D., and Smout, I. K. (2003). “Allocation of scarce water resources using deficit irrigation in rotational systems.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 129(3), 155–163.
Hargreaves, G. H., and Samani, Z. A. (1984). “Economic considerations of deficit irrigation.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 110(4), 343–358.
Hiessl, H., and Plate, E. J. (1990). “A heuristic closed-loop controller for water distribution in complex irrigation systems.” Water Resour. Res., 26(7), 1323–1333.
Jian, M. (1990). “Irrigation scheduling program for farm water delivery.” Hydrosoft, 3(1), 19–23.
Kalu, I. L., Paudyal, G. N., and Gupta, A. D. (1995). “Equity and efficiency issues in irrigation water distribution.” Agric. Water Manage., 28, 335–348.
Keller, A. A. (1987). “Modeling command area demand and response to water delivered by the main system.” Ph.D. thesis, Utah State Univ., Logan, Utah.
Keller, J., Sivanappan, R. K., and Varadan, K. M. (1992). “Design logic for deficit drip irrigation of coconut trees.” Irrig. Drain. Syst., 6, 1–7.
Khepar, S. D., Gulati, H. S., Yadav, A. K., and Brar, T. P. S. (2000). “A model for equitable distribution for canal water.” Irrig. Sci., 19, 191–197.
Kipkorir, K., Raes, D., and Labadie, J. (2001). “Optimal allocation of short-term irrigation supply.” Irrig. Drain. Syst., 15, 247–267.
Latif, M., and Sarwar, S. (1994). “Proposal for equitable water allocation for rotational irrigation in Pakistan.” Irrig. Drain. Syst., 8, 35–48.
Levine, G., and Coward, E. W. (1989). “Equity considerations in the modernization of irrigation systems.” ODI-IIMI Irrigation Management Network Paper 89/2b, Overseas Development Institute, London, U.K.
Levite,H., and Sally, H. (2002). “Linkages between productivity and equitable allocation of water.” Phys. Chem. Earth, (27), 825–830, Parts A/B/C.
Loftis, J. M., and Houghtalen, R. J. (1987). “Optimizing temporal water allocation by irrigation ditch companies.” Trans. ASAE, 30(4), 1075–1082.
Mainuddin, M., Gupta, A. D., and Onta, P. R. (1996). “Optimal crop planning model for an existing groundwater irrigation project in Thailand.” Agric. Water Manage., 33, 43–62.
Malhotra, S. P. (1982). The warabandi system and its infrastructure, Central Board of Irrigation and Power, New Delhi, India.
Mandavi, A. B. (1998). “Modernization of irrigation system operational management by way of canal automation in India.” Modernization of Irrigation System Operations: Proc., 5th ITIS Network Int. Meeting, Aurangabad, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand.
Mannocchi, F., and Mecarelli, P. (1994). “Optimization analysis of deficit irrigation systems.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 120(3), 484–503.
Matanga, G. B., and Marino, M. A. (1979). “Irrigation planning. I: Cropping pattern.” Water Resour. Res., 15(3), 672–678.
Molden, D. J., and Gates, T. K. (1990). “Performance measures for evaluation of irrigation water delivery systems.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 116(6), 804–823.
Onta, P. R., Loof, R., and Banskota, M. (1995). “Performance based irrigation planning under water shortage.” Irrig. Drain. Syst., 9, 143–162.
Paul, S., Panda, S. N., and Nagesh Kumar, D. (2000). “Optimal irrigation allocation: A multilevel approach.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 126(3), 149–156.
Rao, N. H., Sarma, P. B. S., and Chander, S. (1990). “Optimal multicrop allocation of seasonal and intraseasonal irrigation water.” Water Resour. Res., 26(4), 551–559.
Sahoo, G. B., Loof, R., Abernethy, C. L., and Kazama, S. (2001). “Reservoir release policy for large irrigation system.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 127(5), 302–310.
Sampath, R. K. (1988). “Equity measures for irrigation performance evaluation.” Water Int., 13, 25–32.
Shyam, R., Chauhan, H. S., and Sharma, J. S. (1994). “Optimal operation scheduling model for a canal system.” Agric. Water Manage., 26, 213–225.
Small, L. S., and Rimal, A. (1996). “Effects of alternative water distribution rules on irrigation system performance: A simulation analysis.” Irrig. Drain. Syst., 10, 25–45.
Smout, I. K., and Gorantiwar, S. D. (2005). “A multilevel approach for optimizing land and water resources and irrigation deliveries for tertiary units in large irrigation schemes. I: Method.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 131(3), 254–263.
Smout, I. K., Gorantiwar, S. D., and Vairavamoorthy, K. (2006). “Performance based land and water allocation within irrigation schemes. II: Application.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 132(4), 341-348.
Sritharan, S. I., Clyma, W., and Richardson, E. V. (1988). “On-farm application system design and project-scale water management.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 114(4), 622–643.
Steiner, R. A., and Walter, M. F. (1992). “The effect of allocation and scheduling rules on equity and productivity in irrigation systems.” Agric. Water Manage., 21, 297–312.
Sunantara, J. D., and Ramirez, J. A. (1997). “Optimal stochastic multicrop seasonal and intraseasonal irrigation control.” J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage., 123(1), 39–48.
Unal, H. B., Asik, S., Avci, M., Yasar, S., and Akkuzu, E. (2004). “Performance of water delivery system at tertiary canal level: A case study of the Menemen Left Bank Irrigation System, Gendiz Basin, Turkey.” Agric. Water Manage., 65, 155–171.
Vedula, S., and Mujumdar, P. P. (1992). “Optimal reservoir operation for irrigation of multiple crops.” Water Resour. Res., 28(1), 1–9.
Wardlaw, R., and Barnes, J. (1996). “Real time operation and management of irrigation systems.” Proc. Int. Conf. on New Challenges for Civil Engineers of Developing Countries in the 21st Century (NCCDC-96), ISEM, Civil Engineering Dept., J.M.I., New Delhi, India, 25–33.
Wardlaw, R., and Barnes, J. (1999). “Optimal allocation of irrigation water supplies in real time.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 1125(6), 345–354.
Yaron, D., and Dinar, A. (1982). “Optimum allocation of farm irrigation water during peak seasons.” Am. J. Agric. Econom., 64, 681–689.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2006 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 27, 2005
Accepted: Aug 16, 2005
Published online: Aug 1, 2006
Published in print: Aug 2006
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.