Optimal Land Grading Based on Genetic Algorithms
Publication: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 122, Issue 4
Abstract
Design of a successful and efficient surface irrigation system involves land grading as its first step. Land grading is also an effective method for efficient surface drainage. In this research, a nonlinear optimization model based on genetic algorithms is developed for land grading design of irregular fields. The model can be used to obtain plane as well as curved surfaces. In contrast to the available models, the proposed optimization model employs an objective function in which the total volume of earth in cut is minimized. The proposed formulation eliminates the need for parallel shifting of an optimal graded surface by trial and error to adjust the cut-to-fill ratio to a desired value. This is achieved by imposing a constraint on the cut-to-fill ratio. By eliminating the need for such parallel shifting, the optimality of the graded surface is kept undisturbed. Constraints may also be imposed on the shape of the graded surface, slopes of the surface in either direction, elevation of the surface at turnout, and at any other points. The developed optimization model is applied for grading an irregular field, which appeared in several previous publications concerning land grading design. The results indicate efficiency and robustness of the developed model.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
“Chapter 12, Section 15: land leveling.” (1970). SCS National Engineering Handbook . U.S. Dept. of Agr. (USDA), Washington, D.C., 12-1–12-59.
2.
Chugg, G. E.(1947). “Calculation for land gradation.”Agric. Engrg., 28(10), 461–463.
3.
Givan, C. E.(1940). “Land grading calculations.”Agric. Engrg., 21(1), 11–12.
4.
Goldberg, D. E. (1989). Genetic algorithms in search, optimization and machine learning . Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Reading, Mass.
5.
Hamad, S. N., and Ali, A. M.(1990). “Land-grading design by using nonlinear programming.”J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg., ASCE, 116(2), 219–226.
6.
Harris, W. S., Wait, J. C., and Benedict, R. H.(1966). “Warped surface method of land grading.”Trans. Am. Soc. of Agric. Engrs. (ASAE), 9(1), 64–65.
7.
Jenkins, W. M.(1992). “Plane frame optimum design environment based on genetic algorithm.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 118(11), 3103–3112.
8.
Kao, C., and Shih, A. J. M.(1992). “A radial method for optimal mechanism design.”Engrg. Optimization, 20(2), 179–186.
9.
Lin, C.-Y., and Hazela, P.(1992). “Genetic algorithms in optimization problems with discrete and integer design variables.”Engrg. Optimization, 19(3), 309–327.
10.
Quackenbush, T. H.(1967). “Land modification for efficient use of water.”J. Irrig. and Drain., ASCE, 93(1), 7–14.
11.
Raju, V. S.(1960). “Land grading for irrigation.”Trans., Am. Soc. of Agric. Engrs. (ASAE), 3(1), 38–41.
12.
Reddy, L. S., and Elango, K.(1992). “Optimal design of water distribution networks with head-dependent outflows using Augmented Lagrangian functions.”J. Inst. of Engrs. (INDIA)—Envir. Engrg. Div., 73(2), 27–33.
13.
Scaloppi, E. J., and Willardson, L. S.(1986). “Practical land grading based upon least squares.”J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg., ASCE, 112(2), 98–109.
14.
Sen, M. K., Gupta, A. D., Stoffa, P. L., Lake, L. W., and Pope, G. A. (1992). “Stochastic reservoir modeling using simulated annealing and genetic algorithm.”Proc., 1992 SPE Annu. Tech. Conf. and Exhibition, Soc. of Petr. Engrs. (SPE), Richardson, Tex., 939–950.
15.
Shih, S. F., and Kriz, G. J.(1971a). “Comparison of types and methods of land grading design.”Trans., Am. Soc. of Agric. Engrs. (ASAE), 14(5), 990–994.
16.
Shih, S. F., and Kriz, G. J.(1971b). “Symmetrical residual method for land forming design.”Trans., Am. Soc. of Agric. Engrs. (ASAE), 14(6), 1195–1200.
17.
Shih, S. F., Kriz, G. J., and Sowell, R. S.(1973). “Land forming design for non-rectangular fields.”Trans., Am. Soc. of Agric. Engrs. (ASAE), 16(4), 810–813.
18.
Smerdon, E. T., Tefertiller, K. R., Kilmer, R. E., and Billingsley, R. V.(1966). “Electronic computers for least-cost land-forming calculations.”Trans., Am. Soc. of Agric. Engrs. (ASAE), 9(2), 190–193.
19.
Sowell, R. S., Shih, S. F., and Kriz, G. J.(1973). “Land forming design by linear programming.”Trans., Am. Soc. of Agric. Engrs. (ASAE), 16(2), 296–301.
20.
Stuckman, B., Evans, G., and Mollaghasemi, M. (1991). “Comparison of global search methods for design optimization using simulation.”Winter Simulation Conf. Proc., The Inst. of Electr. and Electronics Engrs. (IEEE), Inc., New York, N.Y.
21.
Walters, G. A., and Lohbeck, T.(1993). “Optimal layout of tree networks using genetic algorithms.”Engrg. Optimization, 22(1), 27–48.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Jul 1, 1996
Published in print: Jul 1996
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.