CO 2 and Temperature Effects on Evapotranspiration and Irrigated Agriculture
Publication: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 122, Issue 3
Abstract
A sensitivity analysis of potential evapotranspiration (PET) rates under both CO 2 and air temperature changes was conducted. PET was modeled with the Penman-Monteith equation so that the effects of atmospheric CO 2 concentrations on plant stomatal resistance, and the effects of temperature on land-surface–atmosphere water vapor exchanges were explicitly taken into account. A root-zone soil-water balance was performed using a physically based soil-crop-climate model to analyze the sensitivity of soil moisture to changes in atmospheric temperature and CO 2 concentrations, and the effects of CO 2 fertilization on plant photosynthesis and crop yield. A wide spectrum of directional climate change scenarios were analyzed, including both a 3°C increase and a 3°C decrease in air temperature, and both a 50 and a 100% increase in atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. An additive crop yield model and an optimal irrigation scheduling model were used to maximize agricultural benefits by maximizing crop yield and minimizing irrigation costs. The model was applied to an irrigated potato crop in the San Luis Valley of Colorado.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Allen, R. B., Gichuki, F. N., and Rosenzweig, C. (1991). “CO 2 -induced climate changes and irrigation-water requirements.”J. Water Resour. Plng. and Mgmt., ASCE, 117(2), 157–178.
2.
Alsadon, A. A. (1988). “Micropropagation techniques as tools for studying plant growth, tuberization and sprouting of potatoes,” PhD thesis, Dept. of Agronomy, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, Colo.
3.
Bell, C. J. (1982). “A model of stomatal control.”Photosynthetica, Vol. 16, 486–95.
4.
Bras, R. L., and Córdova, J. R.(1981). “Intraseasonal water allocation in deficit irrigation.”Water Resour. Res., 17(4), 866–874.
5.
Charles, F. L. (1987). “Evapotranspiration of phreatophytes in the San Luis Valley, Colorado,” MSc thesis, Dept. of Agric. and Chemical Engrg., Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, Colo.
6.
Chaudhuri, U. N., Kirkham, M. B., and Kanemasu, E. T. (1990). “Carbon dioxide and water level effects on yield and water use of winter wheat.”Agronomy J., Vol. 82, 637–641.
7.
Collins, W. B. (1976). “Effect of CO 2 enrichment on growth of the potato plant.”HortScience, Vol. 11, 467–469.
8.
Córdova, J. R., and Bras, R. L. (1979). “Stochastic control of irrigation systems.”Ralph M. Parsons Tech. Rep. No. 239, Massachusetts Inst. of Technol. (MIT), Cambridge, Mass.
9.
Cotton, W. R., and Pielke, R. A. (1992). “Human impacts on weather and climate.”Geophys. Sci. Ser., Vol. 2, ASTeR Press, Fort Collins, Colo.
10.
Dalsted, N. L., Gutierrez, P. H., Schaubert, D. L., and Sharp, R. L. (1992). “Selected 1990–1991 crop enterprise budgets for Colorado.”Dept. of Agr. and Resour. Economic Rep. No. IR:92-1, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, Colo.
11.
Eagleson, P. S.(1978a). “Climate, soil, and vegetation 3. A simplified model of soil moisture movement in the liquid phase.”Water Resour. Res., 14(5), 722–730.
12.
Eagleson, P. S.(1978b). “Climate, soil, and vegetation 5. A derived distribution of storm surface runoff.”Water Resour. Res., 14(5), 741–748.
13.
Epstein, D., and Ramírez, J. A.(1994). “Application of spatial disaggregation techniques to examining the hydrologic response of the Upper Río Grande Basin to climate variability.”J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 120(12), 1449–1467.
14.
Fennessey, N. M., and Kirshen, P. H.(1994). “Evaporation and evapotranspiration under climate change in New England.”J. Water Resour. Plng. and Mgmt. Engrg., ASCE, 120(1), 48–69.
15.
Finnerty, B. (1994). “Sensitivity of evapotranspiration and irrigated agriculture to climate and water table variations in the San Luis Valley, Colorado,” MSc thesis, Civ. Engrg. Dept., Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, Colo.
16.
Heerman, D. F., Harrington, G. J., and Stahl, K. M.(1985). “Empirical estimation of daily clear sky solar radiation.”J. Climate and Appl. Meteorology, 24(3), 206–214.
17.
Idso, S. B.(1983). “Carbon dioxide and global temperature: What the data show.”J. Envir. Quality, 12(2), 159–163.
18.
Idso, S. B. (1991). “The aerial fertilization effect of CO 2 and its implications for global carbon cycling and maximum greenhouse warming.”Bull. Am. Meteorological Soc., 72(7).
19.
Idso, S. B., Clawson, K. L., and Anderson, M. B. (1986). “Foliage temperature: effects of environmental factors with implications for plant water stress assessment and the CO 2 /climate connection.”Water Resour. Res., 22(12), 1702–1716.
20.
Jarvis, P. G., and Morison, J. I. L. (1981). “The control of transpiration and photosynthesis by the stomata.”Stomatal physiology, P. G. Jarvis and T. A. Mansfield, eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 247–279.
21.
Jensen, M. E. (1973). “Consumptive use of water and irrigation water requirements.”Rep., Tech. Committee on Irrig. Water Requirements, Irrig. and Drain. Div., ASCE, New York, N.Y.
22.
Jensen, M. E., Wright, J. L., and Pratt, B. J.(1971). “Estimating soil moisture depletion from climate, crop and soil data.”Trans. ASAE, 14(5), 954–959.
23.
Kellogg, W. W. (1991). “Response to skeptics of global warming.”Bull. Am. Meteorological Soc., 74(4).
24.
Kimball, B. A. (1983). “Carbon dioxide and agricultural yield: an assemblage and analysis of 430 prior observations.”Agronomy J., Vol. 75, 779–788.
25.
Kimball, B. A., and Idso, S. B. (1983). “Increasing atmospheric CO 2 : Effects on crop yield, water use and climate.”Agric. Water Mgmt., Vol. 7, 55–72.
26.
Kirkham, M. B., He, H., Bolger, T. P., Lawlor, D. J., and Kanemasu, E. T. (1991). “Leaf photosynthesis and water use of big bluestem under elevated carbon dioxide.”Crop Sci., Vol. 31, 1589–1594.
27.
Lettenmaier, D. P., and Gan, T. Y.(1990). “Hydrologic sensitivities of the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Basin, California, to global warming.”Water Resour. Res., 26(1), 69–86.
28.
MacDonald, G. F. et al. (1979). “The long term impact of atmospheric carbon dioxide on climate.”JASON Tech. Rep., JSR 78 07, SRI Int., Arlington, Va.
29.
Meidner, H., and Mansfield, T. A. (1965). “Stomatal responses to illumination.”Biological Rev., Vol. 40, 483–509.
30.
Monteith, J. L. (1965). “Evaporation and environment.”Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol., Vol. 19, 205–234.
31.
Moorby, J., Munns, R., and Walcott, J. (1975). “Effect of water deficit on photosynthesis and tuber metabolism in potatoes.”Australian J. Plant Physiology, Vol. 2, 323–333.
32.
Morey, R. V., Gilley, J. R., Bergsrud, F. G., and Dirkzwager, L. R. (1975). “Yield response of corn related to soil moisture conditions.”Proc., Annu. Meeting of ASAE, Am. Soc. of Agric. Engrs. (ASAE), St. Joseph, Mich.
33.
Morison, J. I. L. (1987). “Intercellular CO 2 concentration and stomatal response to CO 2 .”Stomatal function, Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, Calif., 242–243.
34.
Morison, J. I. L., and Gifford, R. M. (1983). “Stomatal sensitivity to carbon dioxide and humidity: A comparison to two C 3 and two C 4 grass species.”Plant Physiology, Vol. 71, 798–796.
35.
Morison, J. I. L., and Gifford, R. M. (1984). “Plant growth and water use with limited water supply in high CO 2 concentrations. I: Leaf area, water use and transpiration.”Australian J. of Plant Physiology, Vol. 11, 361–74.
36.
Morison, J. I. L., and Jarvis, P. G. (1983). “Direct and indirect effects of light on stomata, II.”Commelina communis L., plant, cell and environment, Vol. 6, 103–109.
37.
Mouravieff, I. (1956). “Action du CO 2 et de la lumière sur l'appareil stomatique separé de mésophylle.”Le Botaniste, Vol. 40, 195–212 (in French).
38.
Nash, L. L., and Gleick, P. H.(1991). “Sensitivity of streamflow in the Colorado Basin to climate changes.”J. Hydrol., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 125(1991), 221–241.
39.
Neftel, A., Moor, E., Oeschger, H., and Stauffer, B. (1985). “Evidence from polar ice cores for the increase in atmospheric CO 2 in the past two centuries.”Nature, Vol. 315, 45–47.
40.
Pallaghy, C. K. (1971). “Stomatal movement and potassium transport in epidermal strips of Zea Mays : the effect of CO 2 .”Planta, Vol. 101, 287–95.
41.
Peterson, D. F., and Keller, A. A.(1990). “Effects of climate change on U.S. irrigation.”J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg., ASCE, 116(2), 194–210.
42.
Ramírez, J. A., and Bras, R. L. (1982). “Optimal irrigation control using stochastic cluster point process for rainfall modeling and forecasting.”Tech. Rep. 275, Ralph M. Parson Lab., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Massachusetts Inst. of Technol. (MIT), Cambridge, Mass.
43.
Ramírez, J. A., and Bras, R. L.(1985). “Conditional distribution of Neyman-Scott models for storm arrivals and their use in irrigation scheduling.”Water Resour. Res., 21(3), 317–330.
44.
Ramírez, J. A., and Finnerty, B.(1996). “Precipitation and water-table effects on agricultural production and economics.”J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg., ASCE, 122(3), 164–171.
45.
Rogers, H. H., Thomas, J. F., and Bingham, B. E. (1983). “Response of agronomic and forest species to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide.”Sci., Vol. 220, 428–429.
46.
Rosenberg, M. J. (1981). “The increasing CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere and its implication on agricultural productivity. I: Effects on photosynthesis, transpiration and water use efficiency.”Climate Change, Vol. 3, 264–279.
47.
Rosenberg, M. J., Kimball, B. A., Martin, P., and Cooper, C. (1988). “Climate change, CO 2 enrichment and evapotranspiration.”Climate and water: climate change, climatic variability, and the planning and management of U.S. water resources, P. E. Waggoner, ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y., 131–147.
48.
Scheraga, J., and Mintzer, I. (1990). “Introduction.”Policy options for stabilizing global climate, D. A. Lashof and D. A. Tirpak, eds., U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Ofc. of Policy, Plng. and Evaluation, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, N.Y.
49.
Spencer, R. W., and Christy, J. R. (1990). “Precise monitoring of global temperature trends from satellites.”Sci., 247(Mar.).
50.
Stewart, J. I., Misra, R. D., Pruitt, W. O., and Hagan, R. M. (1974). “Irrigating corn and grain sorghum with limited water.”Paper No. 74-2024, Am. Soc. of Agric. Engrg. (ASAE), St. Joseph, Mich.
51.
Szeicz, G., Endrödi, G., and Tajchman, S.(1967). “Aerodynamic and surface factors in evaporation.”Water Resour. Res., 5(2), 380–394.
52.
Troolen, T. P. (1988). “Leaf area measurement and simulation for use in a potato growth model for irrigation scheduling,” PhD thesis, Dept. of Agric. and Chemical Engrg., Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, Colo.
53.
Twomey, S. (1991). “Aerosols, clouds and radiation.”Atmospheric Environment, 25A(11), 2435–2442.
54.
World WeatherDisc. (1988). WeatherDisc Associates Inc., Seattle, Wash.
55.
Wright, J. L., and Jensen, M. E.(1972). “Peak water requirements of crops in southern Idaho.”J. Irrig. and Drain. Div., ASCE, 96(1), 193–201.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 122 • Issue 3 • May 1996
Pages: 155 - 163
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: May 1, 1996
Published in print: May 1996
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.