Analysis and Design of Microirrigation Laterals
Publication: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 122, Issue 2
Abstract
A method was developed for the design of microirrigation laterals based on the required average emitter discharge and the required uniformity of water application. The finite-element method was used to analyze the hydraulics of a lateral. The golden section search was employed to find the operating pressure head of the lateral that can produce the required average emitter discharge along the lateral. Analytical results show that the lateral length for the required uniformity of water application may have three solutions and the diameter may have two solutions when laterals are laid on sloped fields. The design procedure was implemented. When the required average emitter discharge, the required uniformity of water application, one parameter—either the lateral length or diameter, and other conditions are given, then the unknown parameter, the best submain position (paired laterals), and the operating pressure head can be accurately obtained using personal computers. A flowchart of the computer program for design of the length of paired laterals is included.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Bralts, V. F., Wu, I. P., and Gitlin, H. M.(1981). “Manufacturing variation and drip uniformity.”Trans., Am. Soc. of Agric. Engrs., 24(1), 113–119.
2.
Bralts, V. F., and Segerlind, L. J.(1985). “Finite element analysis of drip irrigation submain unit.”Trans., Am. Soc. of Agric. Engrs., 28(3), 809–814.
3.
Bralts, V. F., Kelly, S. F., Shayya, W. H., and Segerlind, L. J.(1993). “Finite element analysis of microirrigation hydraulics using a virtual emitter system.”Trans., Am. Soc. of Agric. Engrs., 36(3), 717–725.
4.
Gill, P. E., Murray, W., and Wright, M. H. (1989). Practical optimization, Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, Calif., 90–91.
5.
Haghighi, K., Bralts, V. F., and Segerlind, L. J.(1988). “Finite element formulation of tee and bend components in hydraulic pipe network analysis.”Trans., Am. Soc. of Agric. Engrs., 31(6), 1750–1758.
6.
Haghighi, K., Bralts, V. F., Mohtar, R. H., and Segerlind, L. J.(1989). “Modeling expansion/contraction, valve and booster pump in hydraulic pipe network analysis: a finite element approach.”Trans., Am. Soc. of Agric. Engrs., 32(6), 1945–1953.
7.
Hathoot, H. M., Al-Amoud, A. I., and Mohammad, F. S.(1993). “Analysis and design of trickle irrigation laterals.”J. of Irrig. and Drain. Engrg., ASCE, 119(5), 756–767.
8.
Kang, Y., and Nishiyama, S.(1994). “Finite element method analysis of microirrigation system pressure distribution.”Trans., Japanese Soc. of Irrig., Drain. and Reclamation Engrg., Tokyo, Japan, 169, 19–26.
9.
Kang, Y., Nishiyama, S., and Kawano, H. (1995). “Finite element method analysis of large scale microirrigation system.”Proc., 5th Int. Microirrig. Congr., ASAE Publ. 4-95, Am. Soc. of Agric. Engrs., St. Joseph, Mich., 84–90.
10.
Kang, Y., and Nishiyama, S.(1995). “Hydraulic analysis of microirrigation submain units.”Trans., Am. Soc. of Agric. Engrs., 38(5), 1377–1384.
11.
Keller, J., and Bliesner, R. D. (1990). Sprinkle and trickle irrigation . Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, N.Y.
12.
Keller, J., and Karmelli, D.(1974). “Trickle irrigation design parameters.”Trans., Am. Soc. of Agric. Engrs., 17(4), 678–684.
13.
Liu, H., and Meng, S. (1986). Optimization of mechanical design . Tsinghua University Press, Beijing, China, 45–52 (in Chinese).
14.
Mohtar, R. H., Bralts, V. F., and Shayya, W. H.(1991). “A finite element model for the analysis and optimization of pipe networks.”Trans., Am. Soc. of Agric. Engrs., 34(2), 393–401.
15.
Saldivia, L. A., Bralts, V. F., Shayya, W. H., and Segerlind, L. J.(1990). “Hydraulic analysis of sprinkler irrigation system components using the finite element method.”Trans., Am. Soc. of Agric. Engrs., 33(4), 1195–1202.
16.
Warrick, A. W., and Yitayew, M. (1988). “Trickle lateral hydraulics. I: Analytical solution.”J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg., ASCE, 114(2), 281–288.
17.
Watters, G. Z., and Keller, J. (1978). “Trickle irrigation tubing hydraulics.”ASAE Paper No. 78-2015, Am. Soc. of Agric. Engrs., St. Joseph, Mich.
18.
Wu, I. P., and Gitlin, H. M. (1975). “Energy gradient line for drip irrigation laterals.”J. Irrig. and Drain. Div., ASCE, 101(IR4), 323–326.
19.
Yitayew, M., and Warrick, A. W.(1988). “Trickle lateral hydraulics. II: Design and examples.”J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg., ASCE, 114(2), 289–300.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 122 • Issue 2 • March 1996
Pages: 75 - 82
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Mar 1, 1996
Published in print: Mar 1996
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.