TECHNICAL PAPERS
Aug 1, 1987

Alternative Metric Units for Acre‐Foot and Acre‐Inch

Publication: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 113, Issue 3

Abstract

Acre‐foot is an important water measurement term in the United States, particularly in the American west. Although less common, its derivative, acre‐inch, is widely used within the irrigation community. No meaningful equivalents for these terms exist in the current International System of Units (SI). The two metric equivalents proposed here, hectare‐meter for acre‐foot and hectare‐centimeter for acre‐inch, are presented as alternatives to those generally found in SI conversion tables. Each is conceptually similar to its counterpart in the U.S. Customary System, thus creating comparable mental images that, in turn, greatly aid comprehension. Official recognition within SI of these two proposed metric equivalents, deserves serious consideration. During the course of almost a century, acre‐foot and acre‐inch have evolved with the needs of irrigation and hydrology in the United States. As a result, they have acquired not only practical but cultural and historical significance, becoming part of a heritage that should not be lost. Measurement bilingualism is recommended as a new policy for the federal government, to replace that of voluntary metrication adopted in 1975. Such a policy would expand our communication skills while maintaining linguistic diversity.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

1.
“A proposal for erosion control and restoration of vegetation in the Copper Basin.” (1945). Tennessee Valley Authority, Knoxville, Tenn., p. 15.
2.
“ASTM standard for metric practice.” (1985). E 380‐85, Am. Soc. for Testing and Materials. Philadelphia, Pa.
3.
Boulding, K. (1980). “Numbers and measurement on a human scale.” The Metric Debate. David F. Bartlett, Ed., Colorado Associated Univ. Press, Boulder, Colo., 53–66.
4.
Chisholm, L. J. (1967). Units of weight and measure. Nat. Bureau of Standards Misc. Publication 286. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
5.
Dresner, S. (1971). Units of measurement. Harvey Miller and Medcalf Ltd., Aylesbury, England.
6.
Dupree, A. H. (1971). “The English system for measuring fields.” Agric. Histoy 45(1), 121–129.
7.
Dupree, A. H. (1974). “Metrication as cultural adaptation.” Sci., 185(4147), 208 (letter to the editor).
8.
“Educational Amendments of 1974.” (Public Law 93‐380). (1974). U.S. Statutes at Large. 93rd Congress, 2nd Session, Vol. 88.
9.
Engel, G. B., Engberg, R. A., and Ellis, M. J. (1985). “Water resources data, Nebraska, Water Year 1984.” Water‐Data Report NE‐84‐1. U.S. Geological Survey, Lincoln, Nebr., p. 65.
10.
Feirer, J. L. (1977). SI metric handbook. Metric Co. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, N.Y.
11.
Green, M. H. (1961). International and metric units of measurement. Chemical Publishing Co., Inc., New York, N.Y.
12.
Green, M. H. (1973). International and metric units of measurement. Chemical Publishing Co., Inc., New York, N.Y.
13.
Green, M. H. (1978). Metric conversion handbook. Chemical Publishing Co., Inc., New York, N.Y.
14.
Havrilak, R. J., Jr. (1978). “Water usage requires planning.” The Johnson Drillers J. 50(4), 4–5.
15.
Kharchenko, S. I., and Maddock, T., Jr., Eds. (1982). Investigation of the water regime of river basins affected by irrigation. UNESCO, Tech. Documents in Hydrology, Paris, France, p. 16.
16.
King, F. H. (1898, 1911). Irrigation and drainage. Macmillan Co., New York, N.Y., and London, England, 239–240.
17.
Klingeman, P. C. (1976). “System International d'Unites, metric measurement in water resources engineering.” Univ. Council on Water Resour., Lincoln, Nebr.
18.
LaMaraic, A. L., and Ciaramella, J. P., Eds. (1975). The metric encyclopedia. Abbey Books, Metric Media Book Publishers, Somers, N.Y.
19.
Lowe, D. A. (1975). A guide to international recommendations on names and symbols for quantities and on units of measurement. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
20.
Mechtly, E. A. (1973). The international system of units: physical constants and conversion factors. 2nd ed., Scientific and Tech. Information Office, NASA, Washington, D.C., p. 19.
21.
Merriam, J. L., and Davids, G. G. (1986). “Demand irrigation schedule pilot project: Sri Lanka.” J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg., ASCE, 112(3), 185–202.
22.
“Metric Conversion Act of 1975” (Public Law 94‐168). (1975). U.S. Statutes at Large. 94th Congress, 1st Session, Vol. 89.
23.
Metric Manual. (1975). J. J. Keller and Assoc., Inc., Neenah, Wis.
24.
Metric style guide. (1975). Council of Ministers of Education. Carswell Printing Co., Ltd., Toronto, Canada.
25.
Pair, C. H., Hinz, W. W., Reid, C., and Frost, K. R. (1969). Sprinkler irrigation. Sprinkler Irrig. Assoc., Washington, D.C., p. 142.
26.
Pair, C. H., Hinz, W. H. [W.], Frost, K. R., Sneed, R. E., and Schiltz, T. J. (1983). Irrigation. Irrig. Assoc., Silver Spring, Md., p. 552.
27.
Pedde, L. D., Foote, W. E., Scott, L. F., King, D. L., and McGalliard, D. L. (1978). Metric manual. U.S. Dept. of Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo., p. 47.
28.
Perrin, H. (1974). Warne's metric conversion tables. Frederick Warne & Co., Ltd., London, England, and New York, N.Y.
29.
Powell, J. W. (1890). Tenth annual report of the U.S. geological survey to the secretary of the interior, 1888–1889 (part II‐irrigation). Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., p. 36.
30.
Quinn, M.‐L., Ed. (1982). Strategies for reducing pollutants from irrigated lands in the great plains. U.S. EPA, Ada, Okla., and Univ. of Nebraska Water Resour. Center, Lincoln, Nebr.
31.
Quinn, M.‐L. (1987). “Incrementalism in water planning: application to the Missouri river basin.” Under review by Nat. Res. J.
32.
Roe, H. B. (1950). Moisture requirements in agriculture. McGraw‐Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, N.Y., Toronto, Canada, and London, England, p. 184.
33.
Semioli, W. J., and Schubert, P. B. (1974). Conversion tables for SI metrication. Industrial Press Inc., New York, N.Y.
34.
“Use of SI (metric) units.” (1985). ASAE EP 285.6. Am. Soc. of Agric. Engrs., St. Joseph, Mich.
35.
Vogel, C. N. G. (1973). How to…convert the metric system into the U.S. System and vice versa. Adams Press, Chicago, Ill., p. 55.
36.
Wandmacher, C. (1978). Metric units in engineering—Going SI. Industrial Press, Inc., New York, N.Y.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 113Issue 3August 1987
Pages: 393 - 404

History

Published online: Aug 1, 1987
Published in print: Aug 1987

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

M.‐L. Quinn
Adjunct Prof. of Geography and Water Resour., Nebraska Wesleyan Univ., 50th and St. Paul, Lincoln, NE 68504

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share