Case Study: Two-Dimensional Model Simulation of Channel Migration Processes in West Jordan River, Utah
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 134, Issue 3
Abstract
The paper presents the application of a two-dimensional depth-averaged numerical model to simulate the lateral migration processes of a meandering reach in the West Jordan River in the state of Utah. A new bank erosion model was developed and then integrated with a depth-averaged two-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The rate of bank erosion is determined by bed degradation, lateral erosion, and bank failure. Because bank material in the West Jordan River is stratified with layers of cohesive and noncohesive materials, a specific bank erosion model was developed to consider stratified layers in the bank surface. This bank erosion model distinguishes itself from other models by relating bank erosion rate with not only flow but also sediment transport near the bank. Additionally, bank height, slope, and thickness of two layers in the bank surface were considered when calculating the rate of bank erosion. The developed model was then applied to simulate the processes of meandering migration in the study reach from 1981 to 1992. Historical real-time hydrographic data, as well as field survey data of channel geometry and bed and bank materials, were used as the input data. Simulated cross-sectional geometries after this 12-year period agreed with field measurements, and the value for predicting thalweg elevation and bank shift are 0.881 and 0.706, respectively.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This research project was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Defense, Army Research Office (ARO), under Grant No. USARODAAD19-00-1-0157. Thanks to Mr. Lee Armstrong for providing the field data. Lee is a hydrology technician who operates the “Jordan River @ 90th South” stream gauge. The writers grateful to Dr. Gary Parker for his invaluable advice on the conceptual bank erosion model during his visit to the Desert Research Institute.
References
Brace, N., Kemp, R., and Snelgar, R. (2006). SPSS for psychologists: A guide to data analysis using SPSS for Windows, 3rd Ed., Palgrave, London.
Chang, H. H., and Hill, J. C. (1976). “Computer modeling of erodible flood channels and deltas.” J. Hydr. Div., 102(10), 1461–1477.
Chang, Y. C. (1971). “Lateral mixing in meandering channels.” Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
CH2M Hill. (1991). “Jordan river stability study.” Rep. Submitted to Salt Lake County, Utah, Final report plus Appendix and Attachment 1, Utah.
Chen, D., and Duan, J. G. (2006a). “Modeling width adjustment in meandering channels.” J. Hydrol., 321(1–4), 59–76.
Chen, D., and Duan, J. G. (2006b). “Simulating meandering channel evolution with an analytical model.” J. Hydraul. Res., 44(3), 363–373.
Chien, N., and Wan, Z. (1999). Mechanics of sediment transport, translated under the guidance of John S. McNown, ASCE, New York.
Chow, V. T. (1959). Open channel hydraulics, McGraw-Hill, New York, 110–113.
Couper, P., Stott, T., and Maddock, I. (2002). “Insights into river bank erosion processes derived from analysis of negative erosion—Pin recordings: Observations from three recent UK studies.” Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 27, 59–79.
Darby, S. E., Alabyan, A. M., and Van de Wiel, M. J. (2002). “Numerical simulation of bank erosion and channel migration in meandering rivers.” Water Resour. Res., 38(9), 2-1–2-12.
Darby, S. E., and Thorne, C. R. (1994). “Prediction of tension crack location and river bank erosion hazards along destabilized channels.” Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 19, 233–245.
Darby, S. E., and Thorne, C. R. (1996). “Development and testing of riverbank-stability analysis.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 122(8), 443–454.
Duan, J. G. (2000). “Investigation and simulation of streambank erosion processes in the Upper Jordan River, Utah.” Interim Progress Rep., Desert Research Institute.
Duan, J. G. (2004) “Simulation of flow and mass dispersion in meandering channels.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 130(10), 964–976.
Duan, J. G. (2005) “Analytical approach to calculate the rate of bank erosion.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 131(11), 980–990.
Duan, J. G., and Julien, P. (2005). “Numerical simulation of the inception of meandering channel.” Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 30, 1093–1110.
Duan, J. G., and Nanda, S. K. (2006). “Two-dimensional depth-averaged model simulation of suspended sediment concentration distribution in a groyne field.” J. Hydrol., 327(3–4), 426–437.
Duan, J. G., Wang, S. S. Y., and Jia, Y. (2001). “The applications of the enhanced CCHE2D model to study the alluvial channel migration processes.” J. Hydraul. Res., 39, 469–480.
Engelund, F. (1974). “Flow and bed topography in channel bends.” J. Hydr. Div., 100(11), 1631–1648.
Garcia, M. H., Bittner, L., and Nino, Y. (1994). “Mathematical modeling of meandering streams in Illinois: A tool for stream management and engineering.” Hydraulic engineering series No. 43, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Hagerty, D. J. (1991a). “Piping/sapping erosion. I: Basic considerations.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 117(8), 991–1008.
Hagerty, D. J. (1991b). “Piping/sapping erosion. II: Identification-diagnosis.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 117(8), 1009–1025.
Hagerty, D. J., Sharifounnasab, M., and Spoor, M. F. (1983). “Riverbank erosion—A case study.” Assn. Eng. Geolog., Bull., 20(4), 411–437.
Hagerty, D. J., Spoor, M. F., and Ullrich, C. R. (1981). “Bank failure and erosion on the Ohio River.” Eng. Geol. (Amsterdam), 17, 141–158.
Ikeda, S. (1989). “Sediment transport and sorting at bends.” Flow in meandering channels, S. Ikeda and G. Parker, eds., American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., 103–125.
Ikeda, S., Parker, G., and Sawai, K. (1981). “Bend theory of river meanders: Part I: Linear development.” J. Fluid Mech., 112, 363–377.
Johannesson, H. (1985). “Computer simulated migration of meandering rivers.” MS thesis, Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
Johannesson, H., and Parker, G. (1989). “Velocity redistribution in meandering rivers.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 115(8), 1019–1039.
Kikkawa, H., Ikeda, S., and Kitagawa, A. (1976). “Flow and bed topography in curved open channels.” J. Hydr. Div., 102(9), 1327–1342.
Lane, E. W. (1947). “Report on the Subcomittee on Sediment Terminology.” Trans., Am. Geophys. Union, 28(6), 936–938.
Larsen, E. W. (1995). “Mechanics and modeling of river meander migration.” Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
Meyer-Peter, P. E., and Müller, R. (1948). “Formulas for bed load transport.” Proc. 3rd Int. Association for hydraulic research, Stockholm, Sweden, 39–64.
Mosselman, E. (1998). “Morphological modeling of rivers with erodible banks.” Hydrolog. Process., 12, 1357–1370.
Nagata, N., Hosoda, T., and Muramoto, Y. (2000). “Numerical analysis of river channel processes with bank erosion.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 126(4), 243–252.
Nanson, G. C., and Hickin, E. J. (1983). “Channel migration and incision on the Beatton River.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 109(3), 327–337.
Odgaard, A. J. (1989). “River meander model. I: Development.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 115(11), 1433–1450.
Osman, A. M., and Thorne, C. R. (1988). “Riverbank stability analysis. 1: Theory.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 114(2), 134–150.
Parker, G. (1984). “Theory of meander bend deformation.” Proc., River Meandering, C. M. Elliott, ed., ASCE, New York, 722–732.
Parker, G., and Andrew, E. D. (1986). “On the time development of meander bends.” J. Fluid Mech., 162, 139–156.
Parker, G., Diplas, P., and Akiyama, J. (1983). “Meander bends of high amplitude.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 109(10), 1323–1337.
Parker, G., Sawai, K., and Ikeda, S. (1982). “Bend theory of river meanders, Part II: Nonlinear deformation of finite-amplitude bends.” J. Fluid Mech., 115, 303–314.
Pizzuto, J. E. (1994). “Channel adjustments to changing discharges, Powder River, Montana.” Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 106, 1494–1501.
Richards, K. S. (1976). “The morphology of riffle-pool sequences.” Earth Surf. Processes, 1, 71–88.
Shams, M., Ahmadi, G., and Smith, D. H. (2002). “Computational modeling of flow and sediment transport and deposition in meandering rivers.” Adv. Water Resour., 25, 689–699.
Silva, A. (1995). “Turbulent flow in sine-generated meandering channel.” Ph.D. dissertation, Queen’s Univ., Kingston, Ont., Canada.
Simon, A., Curini, A., Darby, S. E., and Langendoen, E. J. (2000). “Bank and near-bank processes in an incised channel.” Geomorphology, 35, 193–217.
Springer, F. M., Jr., Ullrich, C. R., and Hagerty, D. J. (1985). “Streambank stability.” J. Geotech. Engrg., 111(5), 624–640.
Stølum, H. H. (1998). “Planform geometry and dynamics of meandering rivers.” Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 110(11), 1485–1498.
Sun, T., Meakin, P., and Jøssang, T. (2001a). “A computer model for meandering rivers with multiple bed load sediment sizes. I: Theory.” Water Resour. Res., 37(8), 2227–2241.
Sun, T., Meakin, P., and Jøssang, T. (2001b). “Meander migration and the lateral tilting of floodplains” Water Resour. Res., 37(5), 1485–1502.
Sun, T., Meakin, P., Jøssang, T., and Schwarz, K. (1996). “A simulation model for meandering rivers.” Water Resour. Res., 32, 2937–2954.
Ullrich, C. R., Hagerty, D. J., and Homberg, R. W. (1986). “Surficial failures of alluvial streambanks.” Can. Geotech. J., 23(3), 304–316.
Weigel, T. A., and Hagerty, D. J. (1983). “Riverbank change - Sixmile Island, Ohio River, U.S.A.” Eng. Geol. (Amsterdam), 19, 119–132.
Wynn, T. M., and Mostaghimi, S. (2006). “Effects of riparian vegetation on stream bank subaerial processes in southwestern Virginia, USA.” Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 31, 399–413.
Zhang, R. J., Xie, J. H., Wang, M. F., and Huang, J. T. (1989). Dynamics of fluvial sediment transport, China Water Power Press, China (in Chinese).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 134 • Issue 3 • March 2008
Pages: 315 - 327
Copyright
© 2008 ASCE.
History
Received: Apr 19, 2005
Accepted: Dec 7, 2005
Published online: Mar 1, 2008
Published in print: Mar 2008
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.