Double-Averaging Concept for Rough-Bed Open-Channel and Overland Flows: Applications
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Abstract
The paper briefly outlines the double-averaging methodology for studying environmental rough-bed flows. It focuses on the applications of this methodology in environmental hydraulics by providing several examples illustrating advantages of this methodology over conventional approaches. Examples include: (1) identification of specific flow layers and flow types; (2) vertical distribution of the double-averaged velocity between the roughness tops and troughs; (3) vertical distribution of momentum fluxes and sinks for typical roughness types due to turbulence, mean flow heterogeneity, secondary currents, form drag, and viscous drag; (4) estimates of form-induced (dispersive) stresses and evaluation of their structure using quadrant analysis; and (5) closure development for mass-transfer-uptake processes for stream periphyton. These examples illustrate the advantages of the double-averaging methodology over conventional approaches as well as highlight its potential for studying flows over very rough beds, highly mobile beds, permeable beds, and surface–subsurface exchanges of mass, heat, and momentum. This methodology may also significantly improve research tools for studying a wide range of flow–biota interaction phenomena such as those related to aquatic plants, mussel communities, biofilms, and many others.
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Acknowledgments
The research was partly funded by the Foundation for Research Science and Technology (UNSPECIFIEDC01X0307 and UNSPECIFIEDC01X0308) and the Marsden Fund (UNSPECIFIEDUOA220, UNSPECIFIEDLCR203) administered by the New Zealand Royal Society (New Zealand), Grant No. EPSRC-GBGR/R51865 from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council of the UK, Grant Nos. 447 DFGNSL-11l/01/1 and DFGDI 651/4-1 from DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Germany), and Grant Nos. NSFCTS-8911359, NSFCTS-9217804, NSFCTS-9634261 from the National Science Foundation. The writers are grateful for useful discussions and suggestions to B. Biggs, J. Finnigan, D. Goring, G. Katul, S. Larned, V. C. Patel, M. Raupach, B. Melville, and R. Spigel and to all participants of the “double-averaging” workshops in Belgium/Wavre (2002), Greece/Thessalonica (2003), Spain/Madrid (2004), Scotland/Aberdeen (2005), and Portugal/Lisbon (2006). Three reviewers and the Associate Editor provided useful comments that helped to improve the manuscript.
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Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 133 • Issue 8 • August 2007
Pages: 884 - 895
Copyright
© 2007 ASCE.
History
Received: Jul 27, 2005
Accepted: Oct 24, 2006
Published online: Aug 1, 2007
Published in print: Aug 2007
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