Clear-Water Scour at Piers in Sand Beds with an Armor Layer of Gravels

Clear-water scour at circular and square piers, embedded in a sand bed overlain by a thin armor layer of gravels, was experimentally studied. Depending on the pier width, flow depth, armor gravel, and bed-sand sizes, three cases of scour holes at piers in armored beds were recognized. A comparison of the experimental data shows that the scour depth at a pier with an armor layer under limiting stability of the surface particles is greater than that without an armor layer for the same bed sediments, if the secondary armoring formed within the scour hole is scattered. The equations of maximum equilibrium scour depths at piers in armored beds for these cases are proposed. On the other hand, the scour depth with an armor layer is less than that without an armor layer for the same bed sediments, when the scour hole is shielded by the compact secondary armor layer.