Erosion of Finite Thickness Sediment Beds by Single and Multiple Circular Jets
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 133, Issue 5
Abstract
Sediment management in reservoirs with the help of water jets has motivated this work. Erosion caused by single and multiple submerged circular turbulent wall jets on a noncohesive sediment bed of finite thickness lying on a fixed boundary was studied with the help of laboratory experiments. Different combinations of jet diameter, jet separation, and sediment thickness to jet diameter ratio were tested. Results show a relation between dimensionless parameters characterizing the steady state bed profile and the densimetric particle Froude number given by the velocity at the nozzle and the effective diameter and submerged specific density of the sediment. Evolution of scour with time confirms previous studies where the erosion was found to initially grow with the logarithm of time up to a certain reference time . This time, made dimensionless with a time scale involving the volume of sediment scoured and the rate of erosion, was also related to the densimetric Froude number. A comparison with studies regarding erosion of a semiinfinite layer of sediment is also presented.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by grants from the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Chicago District). This support is gratefully acknowledged.
References
Ade, F., and Rajaratnam, N. (1998). “Generalized study of erosion by circular horizontal turbulent jets.” J. Hydraul. Res., 36(4), 613–635.
Aderibigbe, O., and Rajaratnam, N. (1998). “Effect of sediment gradation on erosion by plane turbulent wall jets.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 124(10), 1034–1042.
Bailard, J. A., and Camperman, J. M. (1983). “A design for a test bed scour array for Mare Island Naval Shipyard.” Technical Rep. R-899, Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory, Port Hueneme, Calif.
Breusers, H N. C., and Raudkivi, A. J. (1991). Scouring: Hydraulic structures design manual no. 2, International Association for Hydraulic Research (IAHR), Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Chiew, Y. M., and Lim, S. Y. (1996). “Local scour by a deeply submerged horizontal circular jet.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 122(9), 529–532.
Dellaripa, F., and Bailard, J. A. (1986). “Studies of scour patterns produced by rotating jets in a flow field.” Technical Note N-1753, Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory, Port Hueneme, Calif.
Dey, S. (1995). “Three-dimensional vortex flow field around a circular cylinder in a quasi-equilibrium scour hole.” Sadhana: Proc., Indian Acad. Sci., 20(6), 871–885.
Dey, S., and Westrich, B. (2003). “Hydraulics of submerged jet subject to change in cohesive bed geometry.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 129(1), 44–53.
Jenkins, S. A., Inman, D. L., and Van Dorn, W. G. (1981). “The evaluation of sediment management procedures. Phase IV-VI. Final report.” SIO reference series no. 81–22, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, Calif.
Knystautas, R. (1964). “The turbulent jet from a series of holes in line.” Aeronaut. Q., 15, 1–28.
Law, A. W., and Herlina. (2002). “An experimental study on turbulent circular wall jets.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 128(2), 161–174.
Lick, W., Jin, L., and Gailani, J. (2004). “Initiation of movement of quartz particles.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 130(8), 755–761.
Lim, S. Y., and Chin, C. O. (1993). “Scour by circular wall jets with non-uniform sediments.” Advances in hydro-science and engineering, S. S. Y. Wang, ed., Vol. 1, Part B, Center for Computational Hydroscience and Engineering, School of Engineering, Univ. of Mississippi, Miss., 1989–1994.
Little, W. C., and Mayer, P. G. (1976). “Stability of channel beds by armoring.” J. Hydr. Div., 102(11), 1647–1661.
Mazurek, K. A., Rajaratnam, N., and Sego, D. C. (2003). “Scour of a cohesive soil by submerged plane turbulent wall jets.” J. Hydraul. Res., 41(2), 195–206.
Melville, B. W., and Chiew, Y. M. (1999). “Time scale for local scour at bridge piers.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 125(1), 59–65.
Meyer-Peter, E., and Muller, R. (1948). “Formulas for bedload transport.” Proc., 2nd Meeting of the Int. Association for Hydraulic Research, IAHR, Madrid, Spain, 39–64.
Myers, G. E., Schauer, J. J., and Eustis, R. H. (1963). “Plane turbulent wall jet flow development and friction factor.” J. Basic Eng., 83, 47–54.
Narain, J. P. (1975). “Three dimensional turbulent wall jets.” Can. J. Chem. Eng., 53, 245–251.
Pani, B. S., and Dash, R. N. (1983). “Three-dimensional wall jets from multiple outlets.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng., Part 2. Res. Theory, 75, 735–749.
Rajaratnam, N. (1976). Turbulent jets, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Rajaratnam, N. (1981). “Erosion by plane turbulent jets.” J. Hydraul. Res., 19(4), 339–358.
Rajaratnam, N. (1982). “Erosion by submerged circular jets.” J. Hydr. Div., 108, 262–267.
Rajaratnam, N., and Berry, B. (1977). “Erosion by circular turbulent wall jets.” J. Hydraul. Res., 15(3), 277–289.
Rajaratnam, N., and Macdougall, R. K. (1983). “Erosion by plane wall jets with minimum tailwater.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 109(7), 1061–1064.
Rajaratnam, N., and Pani, B. S. (1974). “Three-dimensional turbulent wall jets.” J. Hydr. Div., 100(1), 69–83.
Raudkivi, A. J. (1963). “Study of sediment ripple formation.” J. Hydr. Div., 89, 15–33.
Raudkivi, A. J. (1990). Loose boundary hydraulics, 3rd Ed., Pergamon Press, Oxford, England.
Roberson, J. A., Cassidy, J. J., and Chaudhry, M. H. (1988). Hydraulic engineering, Houghton-Mifflin, Boston.
Sequeiros, O. E. (2004). “Water jet erosion of a finite layer of sediment.” MS thesis, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Ill.
Sforza, P. M., and Herbst, G. (1970). “A study of three-dimensional, incompressible, turbulent wall jets.” AIAA J., 8(2), 276–282.
Sigalla, A. (1958). “Measurements of skin friction in a plane turbulent wall jet.” J. R. Aeronaut. Soc., 62, 873–877.
Stein, O. R., Julien, P. Y., and Alonso, C. V. (1993). “Mechanics of jet scour downstream of a headcut.” J. Hydraul. Res., 31(6), 723–738.
Van Dorn, W. G., Inman, D. L., and Harris, R. W. (1975). “The evaluation of sediment management procedures. Phase I. Final report.” SIO reference series no. 75-32, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, Calif.
Verhoff, A. (1963). “The two-dimensional turbulent wall jet with and without an external stream.” Rep. No. 626, Princeton Univ., Princeton, N.J.
Wu, S., and Rajaratnam, N. (1990). “Circular turbulent wall jets on rough boundaries.” J. Hydraul. Res., 28(5), 581–589.
Wygnanski, I., Katz, Y., and Horev, E. (1992). “On the applicability of various scaling laws to the turbulent wall jet.” J. Fluid Mech., 234, 669–690.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 133 • Issue 5 • May 2007
Pages: 495 - 507
Copyright
© 2007 ASCE.
History
Received: Jun 28, 2005
Accepted: Sep 12, 2006
Published online: May 1, 2007
Published in print: May 2007
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.