Vertical Dispersion of Fine and Coarse Sediments in Turbulent Open-Channel Flows
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Volume 131, Issue 10
Abstract
Through using a kinetic model for particles in turbulent solid–liquid flows, underlying mechanisms of sediment vertical dispersion as well as sediment diffusion coefficient are investigated. Four hydrodynamic mechanisms, namely gravitational settling, turbulent diffusion, effect of lift force, and that of sediment stress gradient, coexist in two-dimensional (2D) uniform and steady open-channel flows. The sediment diffusion coefficient consists of two independent components: one accounts for the advective transport of sediment probability density distribution function due to sediment velocity fluctuations, and the other results from sediment–eddy interactions. Predictions of the kinetic model are in good agreement with experimental data of 2D open-channel flows. In such flows, it is shown that: (1) the parameter (i.e., the inverse of the turbulent Schmidt number) may be greater than unity and increases toward the bed, being close to unity for fine sediments and considerably large for coarse ones; (2) effects of lift force and sediment stress gradient become significant and need to be considered below the 0.1 flow depth; and (3) large errors may arise from the traditional advection–diffusion equation when it is applied to flows with coarse sediments and/or high concentrations.
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Acknowledgments
This paper was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant Nos. NNSFC50309007 and NNSFC50221903, and by the Fundamental Research Foundation of Tsinghua University. The writers are grateful to Professor X. K. Wang for supplying detailed experimental data. The valuable comments and suggestions of the two anonymous referees and the associate editor contributed to greatly improving this paper.
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Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 131 • Issue 10 • October 2005
Pages: 877 - 888
Copyright
© 2005 ASCE.
History
Received: Jul 14, 2003
Accepted: Feb 11, 2005
Published online: Oct 1, 2005
Published in print: Oct 2005
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