Dispersion Model for Tidal Wetlands
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 130, Issue 8
Abstract
Tidal wetlands in California are mostly estuarine salt marshes characterized by tidal channels and mudflats that are flooded and drained on a semidiurnal basis. Depths are rarely greater than 2 or 3 m, except where dredging occurs for harbor operations, and lengths from head to mouth are usually in the range of 1–10 km. This paper presents a coupled set of models for prediction of flow, solute transport, and particle transport in these systems. The flow and solute transport models are based upon depth-integrated conservation equations while the particle transport model is quasi-three-dimensional. Common to these models is an assumption that a turbulent boundary layer extends vertically from the bed and can be described by the law of the wall. This feature of the model accounts for: (1) momentum transfer to the bed, (2) longitudinal dispersion of dissolved material based on the work of Elder (1959), and (3) advection and turbulent diffusion of particles in three dimensions. A total variation diminishing finite volume scheme is used to solve the depth-integrated equations. Using this model, we show that dispersion can be accurately modeled using physically meaningful mixing coefficients. Calibration is therefore directed at modifying bed roughness, which scales both the rate of advection and dispersion.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Ahlstrom, S. W., Foote, H. P., Arnett, R. C., Cole, C. R., and Serne, R. J. (1977). “Multicomponent mass transport model: Theory and numerical implementation.” Rep. No. BNWL 2127, Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, Wash.
ASCE Task Committee on Turbulence Models in Hydraulic Computations. (1988a). “Turbulence modeling of surface water flow and transport: Part I.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 114(9), 970–991.
ASCE Task Committee on Turbulence Models in Hydraulic Computations. (1988b). “Turbulence modeling of surface water flow and transport: Part II.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 114(9), 992–1014.
ASCE Task Committee on Turbulence Models in Hydraulic Computations. (1988c). “Turbulence modeling of surface water flow and transport: Part III.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 114(9), 1015–1033.
ASCE Task Committee on Turbulence Models in Hydraulic Computations. (1988d). “Turbulence modeling of surface water flow and transport: Part IV.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 114(9), 1034–1051.
ASCE Task Committee on Turbulence Models in Hydraulic Computations. (1988e). “Turbulence modeling of surface water flow and transport: Part V.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 114(9), 1052–1073.
Babarutsi, S., Ganoulis, J., and Chu, V. H.(1989). “Experimental investigation of shallow recirculating flows.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 115(7), 906–924.
Bradford, S. F., and Katopodes, N. D.(1999). “Hydrodynamics of turbid underflows. I: Formulation and numerical analysis.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 125(10), 1006–1015.
Bradford, S. F., and Sanders, B. F.(2002). “Finite-volume model for shallow-water flooding of arbitrary topography.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 128(3), 289–298.
California Coastal Commission. (1987). The California coastal resource guide, University of California Press, Berkeley, Calif.
Cunge, J. A., Holly, F. M., Jr., and Verwey, A. (1980). Practical aspects of computational river hydraulics, Pitman, New York.
Day, T. J.(1975). “Longitudinal dispersion in natural channels.” Water Resour. Res., 11(6), 909–918.
Dimou, K. N., and Adams, E. E.(1993). “A random-walk, particle tracking model for well-mixed estuaries and coastal waters.” Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.,37, 99–110.
Elder, J. W.(1959). “The dispersion of marked fluid in turbulent shear flow.” J. Fluid Mech., 5, 544–560.
Fischer, H. B.(1967). “The mechanics of dispersion in natural streams.” J. Hydraul. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 93(6), 187–216.
Fischer, B. H., List, E. J., Koh, R. C. Y., Imberger, J., and Brooks, N. H. (1979). Mixing in inland and coastal waters, Academic, New York.
Gross, E. S., Koseff, J. R., and Monismith, S. G.(1999). “Evaluation of advective schemes for estuarine salinity simulations.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 125(1), 32–46.
Haaland, S. E.(1983). “Simple and explicit formulas for the friction factor in turbulent pipe flow.” J. Fluids Eng., 105, 89–90.
Henderson, F. M. (1966). Open channel flow, Macmillan, New York.
Hirsch, C. (1988). Numerical computation of internal and external flows, Vol. 1, Wiley, New York.
James, S. C., and Chrysikopoulos, C. V.(1999). “Transport of polydisperse colloid suspensions in a single fracture.” Water Resour. Res., 35(3), 707–718.
Kadlec, R. H.(1990). “Overland flow in wetlands: Vegetation resistance.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 116(5), 691–706.
Kinzelback, W. (1988). “The random walk method in pollutant transport simulation.” Groundwater flow and quality modeling, E. Custodio, A. Gurgui, and J. P. Lobo Ferreira, eds., Reidel, Hingham, Mass., 227–246.
Monsen, N. E., Cloern, J. E., Lucas, L. V., and Monismith, S. G.(2002). “A comment on the use of flushing time, residence time, and age as transport time scales.” Limnol. Oceanogr., 45(7), 1545–1553.
Roe, P. L.(1981). “Approximate Riemann solvers, parameter vectors, and difference schemes.” J. Comput. Phys., 43, 357–372.
Sanders, B. F.(2002). “Nonreflecting boundary flux function for finite volume shallow-water models.” Adv. Water Resour., 25, 195–202.
Smith, R., and Scott, C. F.(1997). “Mixing in the tidal environment.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 123(4), 332–340.
Stone, B. M., and Shen, H. T.(2002). “Hydraulic resistance of flow in channels with cylindrical roughness.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 128(5), 500–506.
Taylor, G. I.(1953). “The dispersion of soluble matter in a solvent flowing slowly through a tube.” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, (219), 186–203.
Tompson, A., and Gelhar, L. W.(1990). “Numerical-simulation of solute transport in three-dimensional, randomly heterogeneous porous media.” Water Resour. Res., 26(10), 2541–2562.
Valentine, E., and Wood, I.(1977). “Longitudinal dispersion with dead zones.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 103(9), 975–990.
Van Albada, G. D., Van Leer, B., and Roberts, W. W.(1982). “A comparative study of computational methods in cosmic gas dynamics.” Astron. Astrophys., 108, 76–84.
Van Leer, B.(1979). “Towards the ultimate conservative difference scheme. V: A Second Order Sequel to Godunov’s Method.” J. Comput. Phys., 32, 101–136.
Wang, Y., and Hutter, K.(2001). “Comparisons of numerical methods with respect to convectively dominated problems.” Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids, 37, 721–745.
Ward, P.(1974). “Transverse dispersion in oscillatory channel flow.” J. Hydraul. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 100(6), 755–772.
Zhou, J. G., Causon, D. M., Mingham, C. G., and Ingram, D. M.(2001). “The surface gradient method for the treatment of source terms in the shallow-water equations.” J. Comput. Phys., 168, 1–25.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 2004 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 21, 2003
Accepted: Feb 9, 2004
Published online: Jul 15, 2004
Published in print: Aug 2004
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.