Vertical Penetration of Double-Diffusive Water Plumes Discharged Vertically Downward
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 129, Issue 7
Abstract
Previously, it was shown that, in Turner’s formula which predicts the penetration depth of negatively buoyant jets, the classical initial densimetric Froude number should be replaced by an initial effective Froude number if the formula is applied to a heated water jet discharged downward. In the present paper, this conclusion is extended to double-diffusive plumes with two buoyancy components (heat and salt) which both oppose the downward flow. A new effective Froude number is introduced for double-diffusive plumes. For the calculation of the penetration depth a modified version of the integral Fan–Brooks model has been used. The same model is used to calculate the vertical penetration in the strongly nonlinear regions around the density maxima that appear in water at some special values of temperature and salinity. It is found that the penetration depth becomes very large if the existing ambient temperature and salinity are close to density extremum values and becomes infinite if the existing ambient temperature and salinity coincide with the maximum density values.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Albertson, M. L., Dai, Y. B., Jensen, R. A., and Rouse, H.(1950). “Diffusion of submerged jets.” Trans. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 115, 639–664.
Baines, W. D., Turner, J. S., and Campbell, I. H.(1990). “Turbulent fountains in an open chamber.” J. Fluid Mech., 212, 557–592.
Fan, L. N., and Brooks, N. H. (1969). “Numerical solutions of turbulent buoyant jet problems.” Rep. No. KH-R-18, W. M. Keck Laboratory of Hydraulics and Water Resources, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif.
Fischer, H. B., List, E. J., Koh, R. C. Y., Imberger, J., and Brooks, N. H. (1979). Mixing in inland and coastal waters, Academic, New York.
Fofonoff, N. P.(1985). “Physical properties of seawater: A new salinity scale and equation of state for seawater.” J. Geophys. Res., 90(C2), 3332–3342.
Kukulka, D. J., Gebhart, B., and Mollendorf, J. C.(1987). “Thermodynamic and transport properties of pure and saline water.” Adv. Heat Transfer, 18, 325–363.
McDougall, T.(1983). “Double-diffusive plumes in unconfined and confined environments.” J. Fluid Mech., 133, 321–343.
Pantokratoras, A.(1999). “Vertical penetration of inclined heated water jets discharged downward.” J. Environ. Eng., 125(4), 389–393.
Tatom, F. B.(1985). “Errors from using conservation of buoyancy concept in plume computations.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 111(6), 1005–1009.
Turner, J. S.(1966). “Jets and plumes with negative or reversing buoyancy.” J. Fluid Mech., 26, 779–792.
Turner, J. S. (1973). Buoyancy effects in fluids, Cambridge University Press, London.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 129 • Issue 7 • July 2003
Pages: 541 - 545
Copyright
Copyright © 2003 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 22, 2002
Accepted: Oct 21, 2002
Published online: Jun 13, 2003
Published in print: Jul 2003
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.