Sewer-Sediment Control: Overview of an Environmental Protection Agency Wet-Weather Flow Research Program
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 129, Issue 4
Abstract
This paper presents a historical overview of the sewer sediment control projects conducted by the Wet-Weather Flow Research Program of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The research presented includes studies of the causes of sewer solids deposition and development/evaluation of control methods that can prevent sewer-sediment accumulation. Discussions focus on the relationship of wastewater characteristics to flow-carrying velocity, abatement of solids deposition and solids resuspension in sewers, and sewerline flushing systems for removal of sewer sediment. Methods for abating sewer sedimentation include steeper sewer slope, pipe bottom shapes that maintain high velocity during low-flow conditions, and periodic sewer flushing. The future research program plan for sewer-sediment control is also presented.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Task Committee. (1975). “Sedimentation engineering.” Manuals and reports on engineering practice-No. 54, V. A. Vanoni, ed., American Society of Civil Engineers, New York.
Aronson, G. L., Watson, D. S., and Pisano, W. C. (1983). “Evaluation of catchbasin performance for urban stormwater pollution control.” Rep. No. EPA-600/2-83-043 (NTIS PB 83 217 745), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati.
Arthur et al. (1996).
Buxton, H., and Caruccio, F. T. (1979). “Evaluation of selective erosion control techniques.” Rep. No. EPA-600/2-79-124, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati.
Dalrymple, R. J., Hodd, S. L., and Morin, D. C. (1975). “Physical and settling characteristics of particulates in storm and sanitary wastewater.” Rep. No. EPA-670/2-75-011 (NTIS PB 242 001), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati.
Durand, R. (1953). “Basic relationships of the transportation of solids in pipes—Experimental research.” Proc., Int. Association for Hydraulic Research, 5th Congress, Minneapolis.
Einstein, H. A. (1950). “The bed-load function for sediment transportation in open channel.” U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Services, Tech. Bull. No. 1026.
Fair, G. W., and Geyer, J. C. (1954). Water supply and waste-water disposal, Wiley, New York.
Field, R. (1989). “Storm and combined sewer overflow: An overview of EPA’s research program.” Rep. No. EPA-600/8-89/054 (NTIS PB 90-187 006), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Risk Reduction Engineering Research Laboratory, Cincinnati.
Field, R. (1995). “Bibliography of storm and combined sewer pollution control research and development program documents.” Rep. No. EPA-600/9-90/032, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Risk Reduction Engineering Research Laboratory, Cincinnati.
Field, R., Borst, M., Stinson, M., Fan, C-Y., Perdek, J., and Sullivan, D. (1996). “Risk management research plan for wet-weather flows.” Rep. No. EPA-600/R-96/140 (NTIS PB 90-187 006), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati.
Field, R., and Struzeski, E. J., Jr., (1972). “Management and control of combined sewer overflows.” J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 44(7), 1393.
Field, R., and Turkeltaub, R.(1981). “Urban runoff receiving water impacts: Program overview.” J. Environ. Eng. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 107(1), 83–100.
FMC Corporation Central Engineering Laboratories. (1967a). “Relationship of sewage characteristics of carrying velocity for pressure sewers.” FWQA Program Rep. No. 11020EKO08/67, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration.
FMC Corporation Central Engineering Laboratories. (1967b). “Feasibility of a periodic flushing system for combined sewer cleansing.” FWQA Program Rep. No. 11020DNO08/67 (NTIS PB 195 223), Federal Water Pollution Control Administration.
FMC Corporation Central Engineering Laboratories. (1972). “A flushing system for combined sewer cleansing.” Rep. No. 11020DNO03/72 (NTIS PB 210 858), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Monitoring, Washington, D.C.
Graf, W. H. (1971). Hydraulics of sediment transport, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Kalinske, A. A.(1947). “Movement of sediment as bed load in rivers.” Trans., Am. Geophys. Union, 28(4), 615–620.
Kaufman, H. L., and Lai, F.-H. (1978). “Conventional and advanced sewer design concepts dual purpose flood and pollution control—A preliminary case study for city of Elizabeth, N.J.” Rep. No. EPA-600/2-78-090 (NTIS PB 78-285 663), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati.
Kaufman, H. L., and Lai, F.-H. (1980). “Review of alternatives for evaluation of sewer flushing: Dorchester area—Boston.” Rep. No. EPA-600/2-80-118 (NTIS PB 81-142648), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati.
Keefer, T. N., and Clyde, E. S. (1985). “Combined sewer overflow sediment transport model: Documentation and evaluation.” Rep. No. EPA-600/2-85/024 (NTIS PB85-180859), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Engineering Research Laboratory, Cincinnati.
Klemetson, S. L., Keefer, T. N., and Simons, R. K. (1980). “Movement and effects of combined sewer overflow sediments in receiving waters.” Rep. No. EPA-600/2-80-126 (NTIS PB 81-107120), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati.
Lager, J., Smith, W. G., and Tchobanoglous, G. (1977). “Catchbasin technology overview and assessment.” Rep. No. EPA-600/2-77-051 (NTIS PB 270092), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati.
Lane, E. W.(1953). “Progress report on studies on the design of stable channels of the bureau of Reclamation.” Proc. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 79, 280.
Odgen, H. N.(1898). “Flushing in sewer pipes.” Trans. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 40, 1–30.
Pisano, W. C., Aronson, G. L., and Queiroz, C. S. (1979). “Dry-weather deposition and flushing for combined sewer overflow pollution control. ” Rep. No. EPA-600/2-79-133 (NTIS PB 80-118 524), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati.
Pisano, W. C., Barsanti, J., Joyce, J. J., and Sorensen, H. Jr. (1998). “Sewer and tank sediment flushing: Case studies.” Rep. No. EPA/625/R-98/157 (NTIS PB 99-127839), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati.
Pisano, W. C., and Queiroz, C. S. (1977). “Procedures for estimating dry weather pollutant deposition in sewerage systems.” Rep. No. EPA-600/2-77-120 (NTIS PB 270 695), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati.
Pisano, W. C., and Queiroz, C. S. (1984). “Procedures for estimating dry-weather sewage in-line pollutant deposition—Phase II.” Rep. No. EPA-600/2-84-020 (NTIS PB 84-141 480), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati.
Rouse, H.(1937). “Modern conceptions of the mechanics of turbulence.” Trans. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 102, 463–543.
Sonnen, M. (1977). “Abatement of deposition and scour in sewers.” Rep. No. EPA-600/2-77-212 (NTIS PB 276 585), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati.
Tomlinson, R. D., Bebee, B. N., Heyward, A. A., Munger, S. G., and Swartz, R. G. (1980). “Fate and effects of particulates discharged by combined sewers and storm drains.” Rep. No. EPA-600/2-80-111, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (1973). “Processes, procedures, and methods to control pollution resulting from all construction activity.” Rep. No. EPA-430/9-73-007, U.S. Environmental Pro-tection Agency, Office of Air and Water Programs, Washington, D.C.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (1994). “EPA combined sewer overflow control policy.” Federal Register,59, 18688.
White, C. A., and Franks, A. L. (1978). “Demonstration of erosion and sediment control technology—Lake Tahoe region of California.” Rep. No. EPA-600/2-78-208, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati.
Willson, J., Fitzpatrick, M., Koplan, M., Selig, E. I., Howe, R., White, N., and Waldo, A. (1977). “Preventive approaches to stormwater management.” Rep. No. EPA-440/9-77-001 (NTIS PB 77-268546), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water Planning and Standards, Washington, D.C.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 129 • Issue 4 • April 2003
Pages: 253 - 259
Copyright
Copyright © 2003 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 29, 2001
Accepted: Apr 11, 2002
Published online: Mar 14, 2003
Published in print: Apr 2003
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.