Desktop Method for Estimating Vessel-Induced Sediment Suspension
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 127, Issue 7
Abstract
Riverbank erosion involves engineering and environmental concerns. Among several dominant mechanisms of riverbank erosion, navigation effects caused by the passage of vessels are quite important. Field data indicate that large vessels generate large drawdown and small wave heights, whereas small vessels such as pleasure craft generate small drawdown and large wave heights. Passage of both types of vessels may result in bank erosion and a substantial increase in suspended-sediment concentration. Since comprehensive numerical modeling is time-consuming, a desktop computational approach has been offered that helps in providing preliminary answers to several questions related to vessel-induced sediment resuspension. Due to the uncertainties inherent in sediment calculations, order-of-magnitude values are often adequate for decision making. A preliminary assessment of possible impact on vegetation or benthic organisms can then be made based on this information. PC-based FORTRAN programs were developed for (1) computation of time series of vessel-induced waves; (2) erosion and deposition of cohesive sediment under waves and nearshore currents; and (3) computation of noncohesive suspended-sediment concentration caused by river current alone. An application to the Upper Mississippi River Navigation Study is presented. The riverbank sediments were labeled as soft, medium, and hard using their erodibility characteristics. Three water depths (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 m) were considered. Vessel-induced wave heights ranged from 10 to 60 cm. The maximum concentrations were obtained in 0.5 m water depth with a wave height of 30 cm and in 1.0 m depth with a wave height of 60 cm. The estimated maximum concentrations were 1,463, 56, and 4 mg/L for soft, medium, and hard beds, respectively. Such results will be useful for preliminary assessment of relative impact of increased barge traffic in the river and identification of potential areas along the riverbanks that are likely to be sensitive from the point of view of environmental considerations.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Camfield, F., Ray, R. E. L., and Eckert, J. W. ( 1979). “The possible impact of vessel wakes on bank erosion.” Rep. No. CG-W-1-80, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
2.
Fagerburg, T. L., and Pratt, T. C. ( 1998). “Upper Mississippi River navigation and sedimentation field data collection summary report.” ENV Rep. No. 6 Prepared for U.S. Army Engineer Districts, Rock Island, St. Louis, and St. Paul, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Miss.
3.
Halka, J. P., Sanford, L. P., and Ortt, R. A., Jr. ( 1994). “Resuspension studies conducted on dredged sediments placed in Area G-South.” Final Rep. No. 94-3, Dept. of Natural Resour., Maryland Geological Survey.
4.
Hwang, K.-N. ( 1989). “Erodibility of fine sediment in wave-dominated environments.” Rep. No. UFL/COEL-89/017, Coast. and Oceanographic Engrg. Dept., University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla.
5.
Hwang, P. A., and Wang, H. ( 1982). “Wave kinematics and sediment suspension at wave breaking point.” Tech. Rep. No. 13, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., University of Delaware, Newark, Del.
6.
Kimber, A., and Barko, J. W. ( 1994). “A literature review of the effects of waves on aquatic plants.” Spec. Rep. No. 94-S002, Environmental Management Technology Center, Onalaska, Wis.
7.
Knight, S. K. ( 1999). Wave height predictive techniques for commercial tows on the upper Mississippi River—Illinois waterway system, ENV Rep. 15, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Miss., U.S. Army Engineer Districts Rock Island, St. Louis and St. Paul.
8.
Lee, S. C., and Mehta, A. J. ( 1994). “Cohesive sediment erosion.” Contract Rep. No. DRP-94-6, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Dredging Research Program, Vicksburg, Miss.
9.
Li, Y. ( 1996). “Sediment-associated constituent release at the mud-water interface due to monochromatic waves.” PhD dissertation, Coast. and Oceanographic Engrg. Dept., University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla.
10.
Maa, P. Y. ( 1986). “Erosion of soft mud by waves.” PhD dissertation, Coast. and Oceanographic Engrg. Dept., University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla.
11.
Maynord, S. T. ( 1996). “Return velocity and drawdown in navigable waterways.” Tech. Rep. No. HL-96-7, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
12.
Maynord, S. T., and Martin, S. ( 1996). “Upper Mississippi river system navigation/sedimentation study, Report 1: Bank erosion literature study.” Tech. Rep. No. HL-96-10, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
13.
Maynord, S. T., and Martin, S. ( 1997). “Upper Mississippi river-Illinois waterway system navigation study, physical force study, Kampsville, Illinois waterway.” ENV Rep. No. 3, U.S. Army Engineer Rock Island District, St. Louis, District, and St. Paul District.
14.
Mehta, A. J. ( 1992). “Summary of the Ad Hoc Technical Panel at the nearshore and estuarine cohesive sediment transport workshop.” Cohesive Sediments Research Newsletter, June 1992, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
15.
Mehta, A. J., Lee, S.-C., and Li, Y. ( 1994). “Fluid mud and water waves: A brief review of interactive processes and simple modeling approaches.” Contract Rep. No. DRP-94-4, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, D.C.
16.
Mehta, A. J., and Li, Y. ( 1996). “A PC-based short course on fine-grained sediment transport engineering.” Coast. and Oceanographic Engrg. Dept., University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla.
17.
Mehta, A. J., Parchure, T. M., Dixit, J. G., and Ariathurai, R. ( 1982). “Resuspension potential of cohesive sediment bed.” Estuarine comparisons, Academic, San Diego.
18.
Owen, M. W. ( 1970). “Properties of consolidating mud.” Rep. No. INT 83, Hydraulics Research Station, Wallingford, England.
19.
Parchure, T. M. ( 1980). “Effect of bed shear stress on the erosional characteristics of kaolinite.” MS thesis, Coast. and Oceanographic Engrg. Dept., University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla.
20.
Parchure, T. M. ( 1996). “Bed erodibility at Indian River Inlet.” Tech. Rep. No. HL-96-20, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
21.
Parchure, T. M., Kim, K., and McAnally, W. H. ( 1996). “Effect of wave-induced resuspension of fine sediment on water quality in near-shore zone.” Proc., 11th Seminar on Water Quality '96, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 94.
22.
Parchure, T. M., and Long, B. F. ( 1993). “Erosional and depositional properties of Rupert Bay sediment.” Proc., Can. Coast. Conf., Vol. 2, Vancouver, B.C., 685–698.
23.
Parchure, T. M., McAnally, W. H., Jr. and Teeter, A. M. ( 2001). “Wave-induced sediment resuspension near the shorelines of Upper Mississippi River.” Tech. Rep. No. ENV-20, Prepared for U.S. Army Engineer Districts, Rock Island, St. Louis, and St. Paul, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Miss.
24.
Sanford, L. P. ( 1994). “Wave-forced resuspension of upper Chesapeake Bay muds.” Estuaries, 18(17), 148–165.
25.
Selley, R. C. ( 1982). An introduction to sedimentology, 2nd Ed., Academic, San Diego.
26.
Vanoni, V. A., ed. ( 1975). Sedimentation engineering, ASCE, New York.
27.
Wikramanayake, P. N., and Madsen, O. S. ( 1994). “Calculation of suspended sediment transport by combined wave-current flows.” Contract Rep. No. DRP-94-7, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
History
Received: Dec 14, 1998
Published online: Jul 1, 2001
Published in print: Jul 2001
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.