TECHNICAL PAPERS
Dec 1, 2000

Hydraulics of Exchange Flows

Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 126, Issue 12

Abstract

Basic internal hydraulic theory has been extended to include frictional and nonhydrostatic effects for the case of flow over a sill in a channel connecting two reservoirs of slightly different density. The predictions of the extended theory compare well with laboratory experiments. The inclusion of frictional and nonhydrostatic effects was found to be necessary to accurately predict the flow rate, the along-channel variations in interfacial position, the composite and stability Froude numbers, and the internal energy. The accuracy of predictions of the extended theory is limited by uncertainty in estimates of the interfacial friction factor.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

1.
Arita, M., and Jirka, G. H. (1987). “Two-layer model of saline wedge. I: Entrainment and interfacial friction.”J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 113(10), 1229–1248.
2.
Armi, L. ( 1986). “The hydraulics of two flowing layers with different densities.” J. Fluid Mech., Cambridge, U.K., 163, 27–58.
3.
Armi, L., and Farmer, D. M. ( 1988). “The flow of Mediterranean water through the Strait of Gibraltar.” Progress in Oceanography, 21, 1–105.
4.
Ascher, U., Christiansen, J., and Russell, R. D. ( 1981). “Collocation software for boundary-value ODEs.” ACM Trans. on Math. Software, 7(2), 209–222.
5.
Bormans, M., and Garrett, C. ( 1989). “The effects of non-rectangular cross section, friction, and barotropic fluctuations.” J. Phys. Oceanography, 19(10), 1543–1557.
6.
Dalziel, S. B. ( 1988). “Two-layer hydraulics: Maximal exchange flows.” PhD thesis, DAMTP, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.
7.
Dalziel, S. B. ( 1991). “Two-layer hydraulics: A functional approach.” J. Fluid Mech., Cambridge, U.K., 223, 135–163.
8.
Farmer, D. M., and Armi, L. ( 1986). “Maximal two-layer exchange over a sill and through the combination of a sill and contraction with barotropic flow.” J. Fluid Mech., Cambridge, U.K., 164, 53–76.
9.
Hamblin, P. F., and Lawrence, G. A. ( 1990). “Exchange flows between Hamilton Harbour and Lake Ontario.” Proc., 1990 Annu. Conf. of Can. Soc. for Civ. Engrg., Vol. V, CSCE, Montreal, 140–148.
10.
Helfrich, K. R. ( 1995). “Time-dependent two-layer hydraulic exchange flows.” J. Phys. Oceanography, 25(3), 359–373.
11.
Henderson, F. M. ( 1966). Open channel flow, Macmillan, New York.
12.
Lawrence, G. A. ( 1990). “On the hydraulics of Boussinesq and non-Boussinesq two-layer flows.” J. Fluid Mech., Cambridge, U.K., 215, 457–480.
13.
Lawrence, G. A. ( 1993). “The hydraulics of steady two-layer flow over a fixed obstacle.” J. Fluid Mech., Cambridge, U.K., 254, 605–633.
14.
Lawrence, G. A., Haigh, S. P., and Zhu, D. Z. ( 1998). “In search of Holmboe's instability.” Phys. Processes in Lakes and Oc., Coast. and Estuarine Studies, 54, 281–289.
15.
Long, R. R. ( 1954). “Some aspects of the flow of stratified fluids. II: Experiments with two-fluids.” Tellus, 6, 97–115.
16.
Oguz, T., Ozsoy, E., Latif, M. A., Sur, H. I., and Unluata, U. ( 1990). “Modeling of hydraulically controlled exchange flow in the Bosphorus Strait.” J. Phys. Oceanography, 20, 945–965.
17.
Ottesen-Hansen, N. E., and Moller, J. S. ( 1990). “Zero blocking solution for the Great Belt Link.” The physical oceanography of sea straits, L. J. Pratt, ed., Kluwer Academic, Boston, 153–170.
18.
Schijf, J. B., and Schonfeld, J. C. ( 1953). “The practical considerations on the motion of salt and fresh water.” Proc., Minn. Int. Hydr. Conv. Joint Meeting of the IAHR and Hydr. Div., ASCE, New York, 321–333.
19.
Stevens, C. L., and Coates, M. J. (1994). “Application of a maximised cross correlation technique for resolving velocity fields in laboratory experiments.”J. Hydr. Res., Delft, The Netherlands, 32(2), 195–212.
20.
White, F. M. ( 1991). Viscous fluid flow, McGraw-Hill, New York.
21.
Wood, I. R. ( 1968). Selective withdrawal from a stably stratified fluid. J. Fluid Mech., Cambridge, U.K., 32(2), 209–223.
22.
Wood, I. R. ( 1970). “A lock exchange flow.” J. Fluid Mech., Cambridge, U.K., 42, 671–687.
23.
Zhu, D. Z. ( 1996). “Exchange flow through a channel with an underwater sill.” PhD thesis, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
24.
Zhu, D. Z., and Lawrence, G. A. ( 1996). “Exchange flow through a channel with an underwater sill.” Dyn. of Atmospheres and Oc., 24, 153–161.
25.
Zhu, D. Z., and Lawrence, G. A. ( 1998). “Non-hydrostatic effects in layered shallow water flows.” J. Fluid Mech., Cambridge, U.K. 355, 1–16.
26.
Zhu, D. Z., and Lawrence, G. A. ( 2000). “Holmboe's instability in exchange flow.” J. Fluid Mech., Cambridge, U.K. (in press).

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 126Issue 12December 2000
Pages: 921 - 928

History

Received: Sep 19, 1999
Published online: Dec 1, 2000
Published in print: Dec 2000

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Members, ASCE
Asst. Prof., Dept. of Civ. and Envir. Engrg., Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G7. E-mail: [email protected]
Prof., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4. E-mail: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share