Hydrodynamics of Turbid Underflows. II: Aggradation, Avulsion, and Channelization
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 125, Issue 10
Abstract
A two-dimensional, depth-averaged finite-volume model is used to study the hydrodynamics of turbid underflows. A sensitivity analysis is performed with regard to model input parameters and the initial bed properties. Simulations are then performed to illustrate aggradation and avulsion in an existing submarine channel. The conditions under which channelization of deposits occur are also examined. The effect of numerical dissipation on flow ignition is examined and the high resolution properties of the model are found to produce satisfactory results. The model is applied to historical field-scale events, including the Reserve Fan in Lake Superior and Rupert Inlet in British Columbia.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Bitzer, K., and Pflug, R. ( 1989). “DEPO3D: A three-dimensional model for simulating clastic sedimentation and isostatic compensation in sedimentary basins.” Quantitative dynamic stratigraphy, Prentice-Hall, 335–348.
2.
Bradford, S. F. ( 1996). “Numerical simulation of turbidity current hydrodynamics and sedimentation,” PhD dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
3.
Damuth, J. E., Flood, R. D., Kowsmann, R. O., Gorini, M. A., and Belderson, R. H. ( 1988). “Anatomy and growth pattern of Amazon deep-sea fan as revealed by long-range side-scan sonar (GLORIA) and high-resolution seismic studies.” Am. Assoc. of Petr. Geologists Bull., 72, 885–911.
4.
Fukushima, F., Parker, G., and Pantin, H. M. ( 1985). “Predictions of ignitive turbidity currents in Scripps Submarine Canyon.” Marine Geol., 67, 55–81.
5.
Garcia, M. (1993). “Hydraulic jumps in sediment-driven bottom currents.”J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 119(10), 1094–1117.
6.
Garcia, M., and Parker, G. ( 1989). “Experiments on hydraulic jumps in turbidity currents near a canyon-fan transition.” Sci., 245, 393–396.
7.
Hay, A. E. ( 1987a). “Turbidity currents and submarine channel formulation in Rupert Inlet, British Columbia 1. Surge observations.” J. Geophys. Res., 92, 2875–2881.
8.
Hay, A. E. ( 1987b). “Turbidity currents and submarine channel formation in Rupert Inlet, British Columbia 2. The roles of continuous and surge-type flow.” J. Geophys. Res., 92, 2883–2900.
9.
Hesse, R. ( 1989). “Drainage systems associated with mid-ocean channels and submarine yazoos: Alternative to submarine fan depositional systems.” Geology, 17, 1148–1151.
10.
Imran, J., Parker, G., and Katopodes, N. ( 1998). “A numerical model of channel inception on submarine fans.” J. Geophys. Res., 103(C1), 1219–1238.
11.
Normark, W. R. ( 1989). “Observed parameters for turbidity-current flows in channels, Reserve Fan, Lake Superior.” J. Sedimentary Petrol., 59, 423–431.
12.
Normark, W. R., and Dickson, F. H. ( 1976a). “Man-made turbidity currents in Lake Superior.” Sedimentology, 23, 815–831.
13.
Normark, W. H., and Dickson, F. H. ( 1976b). “Sublacustrine fan morphology in Lake Superior.” Am. Assoc. of Petr. Geologists Bull., 60, 1021–1036.
14.
Parker, G. ( 1982). “Conditions for the ignition of catastrophically erosive turbidity currents.” Marine Geol., 46, 307–327.
15.
Parker, G., Fukushima, Y., and Pantin, H. M. ( 1986). “Self-accelerating turbidity currents.” J. Fluid Mech., 171, 145–181.
16.
Parker, G., Garcia, M., Fukushima, Y., and Yu, W. (1987). “Experiments on turbidity currents over an erodible bed.”J. Hydr. Res., 25, 123–147.
17.
Sparks, R. S. J. et al. ( 1993). “Sediment-laden gravity currents with reversing buoyancy.” Earth and Planetary Letters, 114, 243–257.
18.
Twichell, D. C., Kenyon, N. H., Parson, L. M., and McGregor, B. A. ( 1991). “Depositional patterns of the Mississippi fan surface: Evidence from GLORIA II and high-resolution seismic profiles.” Seismic facies and sedimentary processes of submarine fans and turbidite systems, Springer, New York.
19.
Williams, G. N., Warren, J. D., and Parmley, K. L. ( 1993). “A Simulation of the Formation of the Mississippi Fan.” Proc., Offshore Technol. Conf., OTC, Houston, Tex., 91–99.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 125 • Issue 10 • October 1999
Pages: 1016 - 1028
History
Received: May 19, 1997
Published online: Oct 1, 1999
Published in print: Oct 1999
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.