Bed‐Load Sampling in Sand‐Bed Rivers
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 120, Issue 12
Abstract
Bed‐load sampling in sand‐bed rivers was studied. A mechanical sampler called the Delft Nile sampler was designed and operated in flume and field conditions. The flume data obtained for different bed material sizes in the range of 280–1,070 μm were used to determine the sampling efficiency factor of the bedload sampler. The sampling efficiency factor was found to be about 1.0 for bed material sizes larger than about 400 μm and about 1.5 for finer bed material sizes. Field measurements in the Nile river (Egypt) and in the Rhine river (The Netherlands) were taken to determine the proper number of samples to be taken in a cross section in relation to the errors involved. The bed‐load sampler was equipped with an underwater video camera to facilitate visual observations of the bed‐load sampling process. Based on the visual observations, five types of bed‐load samplings were distinguished and a computation method was proposed to determine the proper mean bed‐load transport rate from the collected samples at a certain sampling station. The error of the mean transport rate in a sampling station was determined as a function of the number of samples. The samples should be taken at different locations along a bed form (dune). Finally, the overall error of the cross‐section integrated bed‐load transport rate was determined as a function of the number of samples in a sampling station and the number of sampling stations in a cross section.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Bagnold, R. A. (1966). “An approach to the sediment transport problem from general physics.” U.S. Geological Survey Profl. Paper 442‐1, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.
2.
Carey, W. P. (1985). “Variability in measured bedload transport rates.” Water Resour. Bull., 21(1).
3.
Einstein, A. H. (1937). “Die Eichung des im Rhein Verwendeten Geschiebefangers.” Schweizer, Bauzeitung, 110(12) (in German).
4.
Emmett, W. W. (1980). “A field calibration of the sediment‐trapping characteristics of the Helley‐Smith bedload sampler.” U.S. Geological Survey Profl. Paper 1139, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.
5.
Englund, F., and Hansen, E. (1967). A monograph on sediment transport in alluvial streams. Teknisk Vorlag, Copenhagen, Denmark.
6.
Gaweesh, M. T. K. (1992). “Measurements of sediment transport in the Nile river at Bani‐Mazar with the Delft Nile sampler.” Rep., HSRI, Delta Barrage, Egypt.
7.
Gaweesh, M. T. K., and Van Rijn, L. C. (1992). “Laboratory and field investigation of a new bed load sampler for rivers.” Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. on Hydr. and Envir. of Coast., Estuarine and River Waters, Vol. 2, Bradford, England.
8.
Gaweesh, M. T. K. (1993). “Calibration of the Delft Nile sampler at HSRI Flume.” Rep., HSRI, Delta Barrage, Egypt.
9.
Helley, E. J., and Smith, W. (1971). “Development and calibration of a pressure‐difference bed‐load sampler.” U.S. Geological Survey Open‐File Rep., U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, Calif.
10.
Hubbell, D. W. (1964). “Apparatus and techniques for measuring bed‐load.” U.S. Geological Survey Water‐Supply Paper 1748, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.
11.
Hubbell, D. W., Stevens, H. H., Skinner, J. V., and Beverage, J. P. (1985). “New approach to calibrating bed‐load samplers.” J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 111(4).
12.
Leopold, L. B., and Emmett, W. W. (1976). “Bedload measurements, East Fork, River, Wyoming.” Nat. Academy of Sci. Proc., 73(4).
13.
Novak, P. (1957). “Bed load meters—development of a new type and determination of their efficiency with the aid of scale models.” Trans., 7th General Meeting, International Association of Hydraulic Research (IAHR), Vol. 1, Lisbon, Portugal.
14.
Van Rijn, L. C. (1984). “Sediment transport. Part 1: bed‐load transport.” J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 110(10).
15.
Van Rijn, L. C. (1992a). “Database sand concentration profiles and sand transport for currents and waves.” Rep., Delft Hydraulics, Delft, The Netherlands.
16.
Van Rijn, L. C. (1993a). “Manual sediment transport measurements.” Rep., Delft Hydraulics, Delft, The Netherlands.
17.
Van Rijn, L. C. (1990). Principles of fluid flow and surface waves in rivers, estuaries, seas and oceans. Aqua Publications, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
18.
Van Rijn, L. C. (1991). “Bed‐load transport measurements in the River Waal.” Rep. Q 1300.02 Part 1, Delft Hydraulics, Delft, The Netherlands.
19.
Van Rijn, L. C. (1992b). “Bed‐load transport measurements in the River Waal near Woudrichem and near Druten.” Rep. Q 1300.02 Part 2 and Part 3, Delft Hydraulics, Delft, The Netherlands.
20.
Van Rijn, L. C. (1993b). Principles of sediment transport in rivers, estuaries, coastal seas and oceans. Aqua Publications, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
21.
Van Rijn, L. C., and Gaweesh, M. T. K. (1992). “A new total sediment load sampler.” J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 118(12).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1994 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 9, 1993
Published online: Dec 1, 1994
Published in print: Dec 1994
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.