Sediment and Aquatic Habitat in River Systems
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 118, Issue 5
Abstract
Present knowledge regarding associations between sediment and riverine aquatic habitats is summarized. Physical processes govern aquatic‐habitat quality and development. Within limits, engineering approaches can be used to evaluate and predict aquatic‐habitat conditions. Stream reaches and the habitats they provide may be categorized by dominant bed‐material type: boulder‐cobble, cobble‐gravel, sand, or fine bed. As the grain size distribution of the bed load approaches that of the bed material, the number of benthic species declines. Sediments provide cover and spawning sites for fish and habitat for fish food organisms. Sediment also serves as an indirect indicator of fish‐habitat quality when it provides a temporal integration of depth and velocity. Major environmental issues associated with sediment transport in rivers include transport of organic sediments, sediment‐water‐quality interactions, deposition of sediments finer than gravel on and within coarser deposits, and filling of low‐velocity areas contiguous to major river channels. Most stream organisms can withstand short‐term exposure to elevated levels of suspended sediment, but chronic exposure is more detrimental.
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Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 118 • Issue 5 • May 1992
Pages: 669 - 687
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