Mechanics of Saltating Grains. II
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 118, Issue 4
Abstract
A numerical model of saltation akin to those of previous researchers is presented to investigate the detailed nature of bed load motion in terms of the mechanics of saltation. The model is deterministic in the computation of particle trajectory, but probabilistic in terms of bed collision. This probabilistic element arises from the random structure of the bed. In the present analysis, a stochastic treatment of collision allows for a fairly complete model of saltation in water. Characteristic quantities, including the sediment transport rate itself, are derived and compared with experimental data. The model yields good agreement with data with a minimum of assumptions. The assumed three‐dimensional random structure of the bed is a unique feature of the present model. It allows for the prediction of several phenomena that cannot be obtained via the assumption of a regular two‐dimensional bed structure.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Anderson, R. S., and Haff, P. K. (1988). “Simulation of eolian saltation.” Sci., 241, 820–823.
2.
Ashida, K., and Michiue, M. (1972). “Study on hydraulic resistance and bedload transport rate in alluvial streams.” Proc. Japan Soc. Civ. Engrg., 206, 59–69.
3.
Bagnold, R. A. (1956). “The flow of cohesionless grains in fluids.” Philos. Trans. Royal Soc. of London, ser. A, 249, 235–297.
4.
Einstein, H. A. (1950). “The bed‐load function for sediment transportation in open channel flows.” Tech. Bulletin No. 1026, Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., 1–71.
5.
Fernandez Luque, R., and van Beek, R. (1976). “Erosion and transport of bed sediment.” J. Hydr. Res., 14(2), 127–144.
6.
Francis, J. R. D. (1973). “Experiment on the motion of solitary grains along the bed of a water stream.” Proc. Royal Soc. London, A332, 443–471.
7.
Gilbert, G. K. (1914). “The transportation of debris by running water.” Professional Paper, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C., 86.
8.
Graf, W. H. (1971). Hydraulics of sediment transport. McGraw Hill, New York, N.Y.
9.
Meyer‐Peter, E., Fravre, H., and Einstein, A. (1934). “Neuere Versuchsresultate über den Geshiebetrieb.” Schweiz. Bauzeitung, 103 (in German).
10.
Owen, P. R. (1964). “Saltation of uniform grains in air.” J. Fluid Mech., 20, 225–242.
11.
Rouse, H. (1938). Fluid mechanics for hydraulic engineers. Dover, New York, N.Y.
12.
Sekine, M., and Kikkawa, H. (1984a). “Transportation mechanism of bed‐load in an open channel.” Proc. Japan Soc. Civ. Engrg., 351, 69–75 (in Japanese).
13.
Sekine, M., and Kikkawa, H. (1984b). “On the characteristics of bed‐load transportation from the aspect of energy balance.” Proc. Japan Soc. Civ. Engrg., 351, 247–250 (in Japanese).
14.
Sekine, M., and Kikkawa, H. (1988). “Rest mechanism of the transported particle as bed‐load.” Proc. Japan Soc. Civ. Engrg., 399, 105–112 (in Japanese).
15.
Sekine, M., and Parker, G. (1992). “Bedload transport on a transverse slope.” J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 118(4), 513–535.
16.
Shinohara, K., and Tsubaki, T. (1957). “On the moving mechanism of bed material.” Bull. of Res. Inst. for Appl. Mech., 10, Kyushu Univ. (in Japanese).
17.
Tsuchiya, Y., and Aoyama, T. (1970). “On the mechanics of saltating of a sand particle in a turbulent stream (2).” Annu. Disaster Prevention Res. Inst. Kyoto Univ., 13B, 199–216 (in Japanese).
18.
Tsujimoto, T. (1978). “Stochastic model of bed load transport and its application to the problems in alluvial channels,” thesis presented to Kyoto Univ., at Kyoto, Japan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (in Japanese).
19.
Wiberg, P. L., and Smith, J. D. (1987). “A theoretical model for saltating grains in water.” J. Geophys. Res., 90(4), 7341–7354.
20.
Wiberg, P. L., and Smith, J. D. (1989). “Model for calculating bed‐load transport of sediment.” J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 115(1) 101–123.
21.
Yano, K., Tsuchiya, Y., and Michiue, M. (1968). “On the stochastic characteristics of transport mechanism of sand in streams.” Annu. Disaster Prevention Res. Inst., Kyoto Univ., 11B, 61–93 (in Japanese).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 118 • Issue 4 • April 1992
Pages: 536 - 558
Copyright
Copyright © 1992 ASCE.
History
Published online: Apr 1, 1992
Published in print: Apr 1992
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.