Modeling and Optimization of Fixed‐Nozzle Targeted Chlorination
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 114, Issue 5
Abstract
Environmental limits on chlorine levels in power plant cooling water discharges have prompted the development of various techniques to reduce the use of chlorine without impacting plant performance. One such technique is targeted chlorination. The concept is to chlorinate a fraction of the condenser tubes at a time with a relatively high chlorine concentration that, after passage through the condenser tubes, will mix with the unchlorinated flow to meet the discharge criterion. This paper describes a mathematical model of the impingement of chlorinated jets on a condenser tubesheet to predict the distribution of chlorine concentrations in the tubes as a result of injection through fixed nozzles. This model is shown to compare well with physical model measurements. In the second half of the paper, the optimization of a fixed‐nozzle targeted chlorination system for practical applications is discussed. An example is given to illustrate the procedure.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Beltaos, S. (1976). “Oblique impingement of circular turbulent jets.” J. Hydr. Res., 14(1), 17–36.
2.
Beltaos, S., and Rajaratnam, N. (1974). “Impinging circular turbulent jets.” J. Hydr. Div., ASCE, 100(HY10), 1313–1328.
3.
Cederwall, K. (1975). “Gross parameter solutions of jets and plumes.” J. Hydr. Div., ASCE, 101(HY5), 489–510.
4.
Chow, W., and Mussalli, Y. G., eds. (1985). Proceedings, Condenser Biofouling Control—State of the Art Symposium, EPRI Report CS‐4339, Lake Buena Vista, Fla., Nov.
5.
Donaldson, C. D., and Snedker, R. S. (1971). “A study of free jet impingement. Part 1. Mean properties of free and impinging jets.” J. Fluid Mech., 45(2), 281–319.
6.
List, E. J., et al. (1979). “Turbulent jets and plumes.” Mixing in inland and coastal waters, H. B. Fischer et al., eds., Academic Press, Orlando, Fla.
7.
Moss, R. D., March, P. A., and Gautney, S. P. (1985). “The flexibility of a manifold‐type targeted chlorination system.” Proceedings, Condenser Biofouling Control—State of the Art Symposium, EPRI Report CS‐4339, Nov.
8.
Mussalli, Y. G., et al. (1985a). “Condenser targeted chlorination design.” Electric Power Res. Inst. Report No. CS‐2300‐2, Palo Alto, Calif.
9.
Mussalli, Y. G., et al. (1985b). “Targeted chlorination.” Condenser biofouling control symposium—the state of the art, CS‐4339, W. Chow and Y. Mussalli, eds., Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, Calif.
10.
Mussalli, Y. G., et al. (1987). “Targeted chlorination schedules and effects on heat transfer.” Proc., Sixth Conf. on Water Chlorination: Environmental Impacts and Health Effects, Oak Ridge, Tenn., May.
11.
Rajaratnam, N., and Gangadhariah, T. (1980). “Circular jets in cross‐flow.” Technical Report, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
12.
Wright, S. J. (1977a). “Effect of ambient crossflows and density stratification on the characteristics behavior of round turbulent buoyant jets.” Report No. Kh‐R‐36, W. M. Keck Laboratory of Hydraulics and Water Resources, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif.
13.
Wright, S. J., (1977b). “Mean behavior of buoyant jets in a crossflow.” J. Hydr. Div., ASCE, 103(HY5), 499–514.
14.
Yakovlevskii, O. V., and Krasheninnikov, S. Y. (1966). “Spreading of a turbulent jet spreading on a flat surface.” Mekhanika Zhidkosti I Gaza, 1(4), 136–139.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1988 ASCE.
History
Published online: May 1, 1988
Published in print: May 1988
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.