Initial Dilution of Horizontal Jet in Crossflow
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 113, Issue 5
Abstract
Available data on the initial dilution of a horizontal round buoyant jet in a perpendicular crossflow are successfully interpreted using length scales and mathematical models. The database consists of in situ measurements of surface dilution in the sewage boil at a number of sea outfalls in the United Kingdom, as well as limited laboratory experimental data. Simple equations for the prediction of minimum initial dilution in an ambient current are well‐supported by the collective data. The dilution constants obtained are comparable to but greater than those derived from previous laboratory experiments of a vertical negatively buoyant jet in a crossflow. A correlation for the downstream location of minimum dilution is also provided. The results reported herein can be readily used in outfall design.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Abraham, G., “The Flow of Round Buoyant Jets Issuing Vertically into Ambient Fluid Flowing in a Horizontal Direction,” Delft Hydraulics Laboratory Publication No. 81, 1971.
2.
Agg, A. R., and Wakeford, A. C., “Field Studies of Jet Dilution of Sewage at Sea Outfalls,” Institution of Public Health Engineers Journal, Vol. 711972pp. 126–149.
3.
Agg, A. R., “Initial Dilution,” Investigations of Sewage Discharges to Some British Coastal Waters, Chap. 6, Technical Report 99, Water Research Centre, Dec., 1978.
4.
Agg, A. R., discussion of“Initial Dilution: A Practical Study on the Hastings Long Sea Outfall,” by N. J. Bennett, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Part 2, Vol. 72, 1982, pp. 99–111.
5.
Ayoub, G. M., “Dispersion of Buoyant Jets in a Flowing Ambient Fluid,” thesis presented to the University of London, at London, England, in 1971, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
6.
Bennett, N. J., “Initial Dilution: A Practical Study on the Hastings Long Sea Outfall,” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Part 1, Vol. 70, 1981, pp. 113–122.
7.
Bennett, N. J., “Design of Sea Outfalls—The Lower Limit Concept of Initial Dilution,” Technical Note 354, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Part 2, 75, 1983, pp. 113–121.
8.
Bettess, R., and Munro, D., “Field Measurement of Initial Dilution at a Sea Outfall,” Technical Report 161, Water Research Centre, Sep., 1981.
9.
Chu, V. H., and Goldberg, M. B., “Buoyant Forced Plumes in Crossflow,” Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 100, 1974, pp. 1203–1214.
10.
Chu, V. H., “L. N. Fan's Data on Buoyant Jets in a Crossflow,” Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 105, 1979, pp. 612–617.
11.
Chu, V. H., “Three‐Dimensional Forced Plumes in a Laminar Crossflow,” Proceedings of the 15th IAHR Congress, Vol. 4, 1975, pp. 31–39.
12.
Delvigne, G. A. L., “Round Buoyant Jet with Three‐Dimensional Trajectory in Ambient Flow,” Delft Hydraulics Laboratory Publication No. 228, Sep., 1980.
13.
Fan, L. N., “Turbulent Buoyant Jets into Stratified or Flow Ambient Fluids,” Report No. KH‐R‐15, W. M. Keck Lab. of Hydraulics and Water Resources, California Institute of Technology, 1967.
14.
Fischer, H. B., et al., Mixing in Inland and Coastal Waters, Academic Press, 1979.
15.
Gameson, A. L. W., “Field Studies,” Investigations of Sewage Discharges to Some British Coastal Waters, Chap. 4, Technical Report 68, Water Research Centre, May, 1978.
16.
Hendricks, T. J., “In‐Situ Measurements of Initial Dilution,” Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Report, 1977, pp. 41–51.
17.
Hirst, E., “Buoyant Jets with Three‐Dimensional Trajectories,” Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 98, No. HY11, 1972, pp. 1999–2014.
18.
“Horizontal Outfalls in FLowihg Water,” Hydraulics Research Station Report No. EX 763, Wallingford Hydraulics Research Station, 1977.
19.
Jirka, G. H., and Fong, H. L. M., “Vortex Dynamics and Bifurcation of Buoyant Jets in Crossflow,” Journals of the Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE, Vol. 107, No. 3, 1981, pp. 479–499.
20.
Schatzmann, M., “Mathematical Modelling of Submerged Discharges into Coastal Waters,” Proceedings of the 19th IAHR Congress, New Delhi, India, Vol. 3, 1981, pp. 239–246.
21.
White, W. R., “Buoyant Jets Discharged at Low Densimetric Froude Numbers into Flowing Waters,” Proceedings of the 18th IAHR Congress, Vol. 4, Cagliari, Italy, pp. 223–229.
22.
Wright, S. J., “Mean Behavior of Buoyant Jets in a Crossflow,” Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 103, 1977, pp. 499–513;
subsequent closure, Sep., 1978, pp. 1359–1360.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 113 • Issue 5 • May 1987
Pages: 615 - 629
Copyright
Copyright © 1987 ASCE.
History
Published online: May 1, 1987
Published in print: May 1987
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.