Simple Model of Sediment‐Laden Flows
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 112, Issue 5
Abstract
A theoretical model of sediment‐laden flow is applied to dilute openchannel suspensions. It is found that the effect of the sediment is manifested in terms of a reduced depth and coefficient of resistance, and an increased mean velocity of flow. In particular, an expression for the effect of sediment on the wake strength parameter Π of the velocity profile can be derived. The expression predicts results that are in agreement with the measurements of a previous study. Another prediction of the theory concerns the level of turbulence. The ratio of the power consumed by the flow in holding the sediment in suspension to the power supplied to the flow by the work of the downstream pull of gravity on the sediment is used to form a dimensionless ratio. If this ratio is less than unity, i.e., sufficiently fine sediment, the turbulence is intensified; otherwise, it is damped.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Bagnold, R. A., “Auto‐Suspension of Transported Sediment; Turbidity Currents,” Proc. Royal Soc. London, Ser. A, Vol. 205, 1962, pp. 315–319.
2.
Coleman, N. L., “Velocity Profiles with Suspended Sediment,” Journal of Hydraulic Research, Vol. 19, No. 3, 1981, pp. 211–229.
3.
Coles, D., “The Law of the Wake in the Turbulent Boundary Layer,” Jour. Fluid Meek., Vol. 1, 1956, pp. 191–226.
4.
Einstein, H. A., and Chien, N., “Effects of Heavy Sediment Concentration Near the Bed on Velocity and Sediment Distribution,” Univ. of Calif., Berkeley, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Missouri River Div., Report No. 8, 1955.
5.
Fredsoe, J., “Unsteady Flow in Straight Alluvial Streams. Part 2. Transition from Dunes to Plane Bed,” Jour. Fluid Mech., Vol. 102, 1981, pp. 431–453.
6.
Gust, G., Discussion on the paper “Velocity Profiles with Suspended Sediment,” Jour. Hydraulic Research, Vol. 22, No. 4, 1984, pp. 263–290.
7.
Itakura, T., and Kishi, T., “Open Channel Flow with Suspended Sediments,” Jour. Hydr. Div., ASCE, Vol. 106, No. HY8, 1080, pp. 1325–1344.
8.
Knapp, R. T., “Energy Balance in Stream Flows Carrying Suspended Load,” Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Part I, 1938, pp. 501–505.
9.
Landweber, L., “The Frictional Resistance of Flat Plates in Zero Pressure Gradient,” Transactions, Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, Vol. 61, No. 5, 1953.
10.
Lau, Y. L., “Suspended Sediment Effect on Flow Resistance,” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 109, No. 5, 1983, pp. 757–763.
11.
Millikan, C. B., “A Critical Discussion of Turbulent Flow in Channels and Circular Tubes,” Proceedings, 5th Int'l. Congress on Applied Mechanics, Wiley, New York, 1939, pp. 386–392.
12.
Nezu, I., and Rodi, W., “Open Channel Flow Measurements with a Laser Doppler Anemometer,” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 1985, in press.
13.
Normark, W. R., and Dickson, F. H., “Man‐Made Turbidity Current in Lake Superior,” Sedimentology, Vol. 23, 1976, pp. 815–831.
14.
Parker, G., “Discussion of: Experimental Test of Autosuspension,” Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Vol. 7, 1982, pp. 507–510.
15.
Parker, G., Fukushima, Y., and Pantin, H. M., “Self‐Accelerating Turbidity Currents. Part 1. Layer‐Averaged Equations of Motion for Continuous Currents,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1985, in press.
16.
Reynolds, A. J., Turbulent Flows in Engineering, Wiley, New York, 1974.
17.
Simons, D. B., and Richardson, E. V., “Resistance of Flow in Alluvial Channels,” U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 422‐J, 1966.
18.
Southard, J. B., and Mackintosh, M. E., “Experimental Test of Autosuspension,” Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Vol. 6, 1981, pp. 103–111.
19.
Tennekes, H., and Lumley, J. L., A First Course in Turbulence, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1972.
20.
Townsend, A. A., The Structure of Turbulent Flow, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, 1976.
21.
Vanoni, V. A., “Some Experiments on the Transportation of Suspended Load,” Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Part III, 1941, pp. 608–620.
22.
Vanoni, V. A., and Nomicos, G. N., “Resistance Properties of Sediment‐Laden Streams,” Transactions, ASCE, Vol. 125, Paper No. 3055, 1960, pp. 1140–1167.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1986 ASCE.
History
Published online: May 1, 1986
Published in print: May 1986
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.