EDTA-Enhanced Electrokinetic Extraction of Lead
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 122, Issue 8
Abstract
Electrokinetic extraction has been demonstrated to be effective in removing lead from pure Georgia kaolinite characterized by a low acid/base buffer capacity and cation exchange capacity. The relatively high removal efficiency is dependent on the low soil pH generated by the electrokinetic process. However, when impurities such as iron oxides are present, electrokinetics alone may not be effective in the extraction of lead due to the higher acid/base buffer capacity and cation exchange capacity of the soil. In this study, the effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) on enhancing electrokinetic extraction of lead from a natural kaolinite containing approximately 4.3 iron oxides as Fe 2 O 3 were examined. Interactions between lead and soil at different pH values were evaluated by batch tests. Results of the study show that approximately 90 of the lead spiked uniformly into the soil can be migrated toward the anode and accumulated within about 15 of soil for easier removal.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Acar, Y. B., and Alshawabkeh, A.(1993). “Principles of electrokinetic remediation.”Envir. Sci. Technol., 27(13), 2638–2647.
2.
Acar, Y. B., and Hamed, J. (1992). “Electrokinetic soil processing in waste remediation/treatment-synthesis of available data.”Energy and Envir. Issues 1991, Transp. Res. Rec. 1312, Transp. Res. Board, Nat. Res. Council, Washington, D.C., 153–161.
3.
Acar, Y. B., Hamed, J. T., Alshawabkeh, A., and Gale, R. J. (1994). “Cd(II) removal from saturated kaolinite by application of electrical current.”Géotechnique, London, England 44(3), 239–254.
4.
Allen, H. E., and Chen, P. H.(1993). “Remediation of metal contaminated soil by EDTA incorporating electrochemical recovery of metal and EDTA.”Envir. Progress, 12(4), 284–293.
5.
Alshawabkeh, A., and Acar, Y. B. (1992). “Removal of contaminants from soils by electrokinetics: A theoretical treatise.”J. Envir. Sci. and Health, A27(7), 1835–1861.
6.
APHA, AWWA, and WPCF. (1985). “Preliminary treatment of sample.”Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 16th Ed., Washington, D.C., 145–150.
7.
“Data summaries—Clay Minerals Society.” (1979). Data handbook for clay materials and other nonmetallic minerals . H. van Olphen and J. J. Fripiat, eds., Pergamon Press, New York, N.Y., 13–37.
8.
Datla, S. (1994). “A unified theory on electro-kinetic extraction of contaminants,” MSc thesis, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, Tex.
9.
Datla, S., and Yeung, A. T. (1994). “Subsurface migration of contaminants under the coupled influences of hydraulic, electrical and chemical gradients.”Proc., 8th Int. Conf. of the Int. Assoc. for Comp. Methods and Adv. in Geomech., A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 2, 1043–1048.
10.
Ellis, W. D., Fogg, T. R., and Tafuri, A. N. (1986). “Treatment of soils contaminated with metals.”Proc., 12th Annu. Res. Symp.: Land Disposal, Remedial Action, Incineration and Treatment of Hazardous Waste, U.S. EPA Rep. No. EPA/600/S9-86/022, 201–207.
11.
Eykholt, G. R., and Daniel, D. E.(1994). “Impact of system chemistry on electroosmosis in contaminated soil.”J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 120(5), 797–815.
12.
Gopinath, S. (1994). “A laboratory study of electro-kinetic remediation of fine-grained soil contaminated with organic compounds,” MSc thesis, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, Tex.
13.
Hamed, J. (1990). “Decontamination of soil using electroosmosis,” PhD thesis, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, La.
14.
Hamed, J., Acar, Y. B., and Gale, R. J.(1991). “Pb(II) removal from kaolinite using electrokinetics.”J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 117(2), 241–271.
15.
Hunter, R. J., and James, M.(1992). “Charge reversal of kaolinite by hydrolyzable metal ions: An electroacoustic study.”Clays and Clay Minerals, 40(6), 644–649.
16.
Inczédy, J. (1976). Analytical applications of complex equilibria . John Wiley & Sons, New York, N.Y.
17.
McBride, M. B. (1994). Envir. chemistry of soils . Oxford University Press, New York, N.Y.
18.
McLean, E. O. (1982). “Soil pH and lime requirement.”Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 2—Chemical and Microbiological Properties, 2nd Ed., Am. Soc. of Agronomy and Soil Sci. Soc. of Am., Madison, Wis., 199–224.
19.
Mitchell, J. K.(1991). “Conduction phenomena: from theory to geotechnical practice.”Géotechnique, London, England, 41(3), 299–340.
20.
Mitchell, J. K. (1993). Fundamentals of soil behavior . 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, N.Y.
21.
Mitchell, J. K., and Yeung, A. T. (1991). “Electro-kinetic flow barriers in compacted clay.”Geotech. Engrg. 1990 Transp. Res. Rec. 1288, Transp. Res. Board, Nat. Res. Council, Washington, D.C., 1–9.
22.
Pamukcu, S., and Whittle, J. K.(1992). “Electrokinetic removal of selected heavy metals from soil.”Envir. Progress, 11(4), 241–250.
23.
Přibil, R. (1972). Analytical applications of EDTA and related compounds . Pergamon Press, New York, N.Y.
24.
Scott, T. B. (1994). “Physicochemical phenomena of electro-kinetic extraction of inorganic contaminants from kaolinite,” MSc thesis, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, Tex.
25.
Snoeyink, V. L., and Jenkins, D. (1980). Water chemistry . John Wiley & Sons, New York, N.Y.
26.
Uehara, G., and Gillman, G. (1981). The mineralogy, chemistry, and physics of tropical soils with variable charge clays . Westview Press, Boulder, Colo.
27.
Ulrich, B., and Sumner, M. E. (1991). Soil acidity . Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
28.
West, L. J., and Stewart, D. I. (1995). “Effect of zeta potential on soil electrokinesis.”Characterization, Containment, Remediation, and Performance in Environmental Geotechnics, Geotech. Special Publ. No. 46, ASCE, New York, N.Y., Vol. 2, 1535–1549.
29.
Yeung, A. T.(1994). “Electrokinetic flow processes in porous media and their applications.”Advances in Porous Media, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2, 309–395.
30.
Yeung, A. T., and Datla, S.(1995). “Fundamental formulation of electro-kinetic extraction of contaminants from soil.”Can. Geotech. J., 32(4), 569–583.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Aug 1, 1996
Published in print: Aug 1996
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.