Thermoplasticity of Saturated Soils and Shales: Constitutive Equations
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 116, Issue 12
Abstract
Plastic behavior of soils and shales due to heating and loading under constant elevated temperature is discussed in terms of a thermoplastic version of the critical state model. Rules for dependence of the yield surface on temperature in the elastic states and at yielding are proposed. The elastic domain is assumed to shrink during heating (thermal softening) and to expand during cooling, when the stress state is elastic. In a plastic state thermal softening occurs simultaneously with the plastic strain hardening. At a constant stress state, thermal softening may entirely be compensated by plastic strain hardening leading to thermal consolidation. Loading and unloading criteria are given to determine whether the soil response is thermoelastic or thermoplastic. As opposed to isothermal plasticity, stress rate excursions inside the current yield surface are admissible plastic processes, when temperature grows, even if strain hardening occurs. Also, outside stress rate excursions at the softening side may generate plastic strain, when cooling occurs. Thermally induced plastic strain rate non‐associativity is discussed as well. Direct and inverse incremental strain‐stress‐temperature relationships are formulated. An analysis of the experimental results of fhermomechanical testing of saturated clays is given in a companion paper.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Agar, J. G., Morgenstern, N. R., and Scott, J. D. (1986). “Thermal expansion and pore pressure generation in oil sands.” Can. Geotech. J., 23(3), 327–333.
2.
Baldi, G., et al. (1987). “Coupling of thermo‐plastic and hydraulic effects in a clay repository: Near field analysis.” Coupled Processes Associated with Nuclear Waste Repositories, Chin‐Fu Tsang, ed., Academic Press, Orlando, Fla., 564–580.
3.
Baldi, G., Hueckel, T., and Pellegrini, R. (1988). “Thermal volume changes of mineral‐water system in low‐porosity clay soils.” Can. Geotech. J., 25(4), 807–825.
4.
Bear, J., and Corapcioglu, C. M. Y. (1981). “A mathematical model for consolidation in a thermoelastic aquifer due to hot water injection or pumping.” Water Resour. Res., 17(3), 723–736.
5.
Booker, J. R., and Savvidou, C. (1985). “Consolidation around a point heat source.” Int. J. Num. Anal. Meth. Geomech., 9(2), 173–184.
6.
Campanella, R. G., and Mitchell, J. K. (1968). “Influence of temperature variations on soil behavior.” J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., ASCE, 94(3), 709–734.
7.
Demars, K. R., and Charles, R. D. (1982). “Soil volume changes induced by temperature cycling.” Can. Geotech. J., 19(2), 188–194.
8.
Derjaguin, B. V., Karasev, V. V., and Khromova, E. N. (1986). “Thermal expansion of water in fine pores.” J. Colloid Interface Sci., 109(1), 586–587.
9.
Derski, W., and Kowalski, S. T. (1979). “Equations of linear thermoconsolidation.” Archives of Mech., 31(3), 303–316.
10.
Heuze, F. E. (1983). “High temperature mechanical, physical and thermal properties of granitic rocks—A review.” Int. J. Rock Mech. and Mining Sci., 20(1), 3–10.
11.
Houston, S. L., Houston, W. N., and Williams, N. D. (1985). “Thermo‐mechanical behavior of seafloor sediments.” J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 111(11), 1249–1263.
12.
Houston, S. L., and Lin, H. (1987). “A thermal consolidation model for peleagic clays.” Marine Geotech., 7(1), 79–98.
13.
Hueckel, T. (1989). “Constraints in numerical simulation of thermomechanical behavior of clay‐water system subjected to nuclear waste heat.” Nuclear Science and Technology, Commission of European Communities, Luxembourg.
14.
Hueckel, T., and Baldi, G. (1990). “Thermoplasticity of saturated clays: Experimental constitutive study.” J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 116(12), 1778–1796.
15.
Hueckel, T., Borsetto, M., and Peano, A. (1987). “Modelling of coupled thermo‐elastoplastic‐hydraulic response of clays subjected to nuclear waste heat.” Numerical Methods in Transient and Coupled Problems, W. Lewis et al. eds., John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, United Kingdom, 213–235.
16.
Hueckel, T., and Peano, A. (1987). “Some geotechnical aspects of radioactive waste isolation in continental clays.” Computers and Geotech, 3( (2, 3) ), 157–182.
17.
Hueckel, T., and Pellegrini, R. (1989). “Modeling of thermal failure of saturated clays.” Numerical Models in Geomechanics, St. Pietruszczak and G. N. Pande, eds., Elsevier Publishers, New York, N.Y., 81–90.
18.
Maier, G., and Hueckel, T. (1977). “Non‐associated and coupled flow rules of elastoplasticity for geotechnical media.” Proc. 9th Int. Conf. Soil Mech. and Found. Engrg., Tokyo, Japan.
19.
Maier, G., and Hueckel, T. (1979). Int. J. Rock Mech. and Mining Sci., 16(2), 77–92.
20.
McTigue, D. F. (1986). “Thermoelastic response of fluid‐saturated porous rock.” J. Geophys. Res., 91(139), 9533–9542.
21.
Mitchell, J. K. (1976). Fundamentals of soil behavior. John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y.
22.
Morin, R., and Silva, A. J. (1984). “The effects of high pressure and high temperature or some physical properties of ocean sediments.” J. Geophys. Res., 89( (B1) ), 511–526.
23.
Murajama, S., and Shibata, T. (1966). “Flow and stress relaxation of clays.” IUTAM Symp. on Rheology and Soil Mechanics, J. Kravtchenko and M. Sirieys, eds., Springer‐Verlag, Berlin, W. Germany, 99–129.
24.
Naghdi, P. M. (1960). “Stress‐strain relations in plasticity and thermoplasticity.” Plasticity, 2nd Naval Str. Mech. Symp., Pergamon Press, New York, N.Y., 121–167.
25.
Ninham, B. W. (1981). “Surface forces—The last 30 Å.” Pure and Appl. Chem., 53(11), 2135–2147.
26.
Nova, R. (1982). “A constitutive model for soil under monotonic and cyclic loadings.” Soil Mechanism Transient and Cyclic Loads, G. N. Pande and O. C. Zien‐kiewicz, eds., John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y., 343–373.
27.
Nova, R., and Hueckel, T. (1981). “A unified approach to the modelling of liquefaction and cyclic mobility of sands.” Soils and Foundations, 21(4), 13–28.
28.
Nowacki, W. (1962). Thermoelasticity. Pergamon Press, Oxford, United Kingdom.
29.
Olson, R. E. (1974). “Shearing strength of kaolinite, illite, and rnontmonillonite.” J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 100(11), 1215–1229.
30.
Olson, R. E., and Mesri, G. (1970). “Mechanisms controlling compressibility of clays.” J. Soil Mech. and Found. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 96(6), 1863–1878.
31.
Paaswell, R. E. (1967). “Temperature effects on clay consolidation.” J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., ASCE, 93(3), 9–21.
32.
Palciauskas, V. V., and Domenico, P. A. (1982). “Characterization of drained and undrained response of thermally loaded repository rocks.” Water Resour. Res., 18(2), 281–290.
33.
Plum, R. L., and Esrig, M. I. (1969). “Some temperature effects on soil compressibility and pore water pressure.” Effects of Temperature and Heat on Engineering Behavior of Soils, Special Report 103, Highway Res. Board, Washington, D.C., 231–242.
34.
Prager, W. (1958). “Non‐isothermal plastic deformation.” Bol. Koninke Nederl. Acad. Wet., 8(61/3), 176–182.
35.
Pusch, R. (1987). “Permanent crystal lattice contraction, a primary mechanism in thermally induced alteration of Na bentonite.” Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management X., J. K. Bates and W., B. Seefeldt, eds., Materials Res. Soc., Pittsburgh, Pa., 84, 791–802.
36.
Pusch, R., and Güven, N. (1988). “Electron microscopic examination of hydrother‐mally treated bentonite clay.” Proc. Workshop on Artificial Clay Barriers for High Level Radioactive Waste Repositories, Lund, Sweden, 35–45.
37.
Roscoe, K., and Burland, J. (1968). “On generalized stress strain behaviour of wet clay.” Engineering Plasticity, J. Hayman and F. A. A. Leckie, eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
38.
Rosenquist, T. (1959). “Physico‐chemical properties of soils in soil‐water system.” J. Soil Mech. and Found. Engrg. Div., 85(2), 31–53.
39.
Schiffmann, R. L. (1971). A thermoelastic theory of consolidation.” Environmental and Geophysical Heat Transfer, E. T. Cremen et al., eds., American Soc. of Mech. Engrs., New York, N.Y.
40.
Schofield, A. N., and Wroth, C. P. (1968). Critical state soil mechanics. McGraw‐Hill, London, United Kingdom.
41.
Sridharan, A., and Jayadeva, P. (1982). “Double layer theory and compressibility of clays.” Geotechnique, 32(2), 133–144.
42.
Winterkorn, H., and Baver, L. D. (1935). “Sorption of liquids by soil colloids.” Soil Sci., 40(5).
43.
Yong, R. N., Champ, R. K., and Warkentin, B. P. (1969). “Temperature effect on water retention and swelling pressure of clay soils.” Effect of Temperature and Heat on Engineering Behavior of Soils, Special Report 103, Highway Res. Board, Washington, D.C., 132–137.
44.
Zimmerman, R. W., Harden, J. L., and Somerton, W. H. (1985). “The effect of pore pressure and confining pressure on pore and bulk volume compressibilities of consolidated sandstones.” Measurement of Rock Properties at Elevated Pressures and Temperatures. H. J. Pincus and E. Hoskins, eds., ASTM Publ. 869, Philadelphia, Pa., 24–36.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 116 • Issue 12 • December 1990
Pages: 1765 - 1777
Copyright
Copyright © 1990 ASCE.
History
Published online: Dec 1, 1990
Published in print: Dec 1990
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.