Filtration of Broadly Graded Cohesionless Soils
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 115, Issue 12
Abstract
The filtration mechanism of broadly graded soils is different from that of uniform soils. The well‐known filter criteria have been found unsatisfactory in selecting filters to retain the former soils. It is obvious that in such cases, the filter criteria must take into account the self‐filtration process taking place at the base‐filter interface, as well as the internal stability of the base soils. Cohesionless broadly graded soils were selected to quantify the potential migration of base particles, the self‐filtration layer, and the quantity of particles carried away. Results indicated that the quantity of fines carried away and the thickness of the selffiltration layer could be related to the gradation curve profile and to the soil broadness coefficient. Compatibility tests were also performed to evaluate the representative grain size of the base promoting the self‐filtration process. The representative grain size of linearly graded soils was found to be equal to For gap‐graded soils, the test results indicated that corresponds to the lower size of the gap.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Bertram, G. E. (1940). “An experimental investigation of protective filters.” Soil Mechanics Series No. 7, Publication No. 267, Graduate School of Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., 1–21.
2.
Karpoff, K. P. (1955). “The use of laboratory tests to develop design criteria for protective filters.” Proc., A.S.T.M., 55, 1183–1198.
3.
Kenney, T. C., et al. (1985). “Controlling constriction sizes of granular filters.” Can. Geotech. J., 22(1), 32–43.
4.
Kenney, T. C., and Lau, D. (1985). “Internal stability of granular filters.” Can. Geotech. J., 22(2), 215–225.
5.
Kovacs, G. (1981). “Seepage hydraulics.” Development in water Science #10. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
6.
Lafleur, J. (1984). “Filter testing of broadly‐graded cohesionless tills.” Can. Geotech. J., 21(4), 634–643.
7.
Lafleur, J., Soulié, M., and Hurtubise, J. E. (1980). “Caractéristiques mécaniques des tills compactés dans les barrages.” Colloque Compactage, Paris, France, I, 151–155 (in French).
8.
Lafleur, J., and Tétreault, M. (1986). Discussion of “Controlling constriction sizes of granular filter,” by T.C. Kenney et al. Can. Geotech. J., 23(1), 97–98.
9.
Lafleur, J., Wendling, G., and Tétreault, M. (1986). “Filtration of broadly graded soils by woven geotextiles.” Proc., IIIrd Int. Conf. on Geotextiles , Vienna, Austria, II, 657–662.
10.
Mlynarek, J., and Lewandowski, J. B. (1979). “Comments concerning instruction on material selection for protective filters.” Gospodarka Wodna, (Water Management), 4, 121–129 (in Polish).
11.
Rollin, A. L., and Lombard, G. (1988). “Mechanisms affecting the long term behavior of geotextiles.” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 7(1), 119–145.
12.
Sherard, J. L. (1979). “Sinkholes in dams of coarse, broadly graded soils.” Trans., 13th Congress on Large Dams, New Delhi, India, 2, 25–35.
13.
Sherard, J. L., Dunnigan, L. P., and Talbot, J. R. (1984). “Basic properties of sand and gravel filters.” J. Geotech. Engrg. ASCE, 110(6), 684–700.
14.
Silveira, A. (1965). “An analysis of the probleme of washing through in protective filters.” Proc., 6th Int. Conf. on Soils Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Montreal, Canada, 2, 551–555.
15.
Terzaghi, K. (1922). “Soil failure in dams and its prevention.” Forchheimer—Nummer der Wasserkraft, (in German).
16.
USBR. (1974). Earth manual. 2nd Ed., U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C.
17.
U.S.C.E. (1941). “Laboratory investigation of filters for Enid and Grenada dams.” Technical Memorandum No. 183‐1, U.S. Army, Waterway Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
18.
U.S.C.E. (1953). “Filter experiments and design criteria.” Technical Memorandum 3‐360, U.S. Army Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
19.
U.S.C.E. (1986). “Seepage analysis and control for dams.” Engineering Manual EM 1110‐2‐1901, Dept. of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Washington, D.C.
20.
Vaughan, P. R., and Soares, H. F. (1982). “Design of filters for clay cores of dams.” J. Geotech. Engrg., Div., ASCE, 108(1), 17–31.
21.
Wittmann, L. (1979). “The process of soil filtration—its physics and approach in engineering practice.” Proc., 7th European Conf. on SMFE, Brighton, U.K., 1, 303–310.
22.
Wolski, W. (1975). “Dams—Instructions on material selection for protective filters.” Wytyczne projektowania (Instructions for design), Wyd. Kataloqow i Cennikow, Warsaw, Poland (in Polish).
23.
Zweck, H., and Davidenkoff, R. (1957). “Etude expérimental des filtres de granulométrie uniforme.” Proc., 4th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, London, U.K., 2, 410–413 (in French).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 115 • Issue 12 • December 1989
Pages: 1747 - 1768
Copyright
Copyright © 1989 ASCE.
History
Published online: Dec 1, 1989
Published in print: Dec 1989
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.