Shear Strength of Normally Consolidated Clays from CIUC Tests
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 114, Issue 3
Abstract
Because of their practicality and simplicity, consolidated isotropic undrained compression (CIUC) triaxial tests are commonly used in practice to determine the undrained shear strength of cohesive soils, even though CAUC or tests would model in situ conditions more effectively. As a consequence, engineers must implicitly assume that the undrained shear strength and strength ratio obtained from CIUC tests is representative of the in situ or strength. The paper describes a simple procedure based on critical state soil mechanics principles, Skempton's pore pressure equation, and Jaky's relationship, to enable the prediction of in situ or undrained shear strength of normally consolidated clays directly from the results of a single CIUC test. Based on limited available test data in which both types of tests were conducted on the same soil, the procedure is shown to be valid and sufficiently accurate for practical purposes.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Al‐Hussaini, M. (1980). “Comparison of various models of determining ” Laboratory shear strength of soil, R. N. Yong and F. C. Townsend, Eds., ASTM STP 740, Amer. Soc. for Testing and Matls., Philadelphia, Pa. 78–93.
2.
Bishop, A. W., and Henkel, D. J. (1962). The measurement of soil properties in the triaxial test, 2nd Ed., Edward Arnold, London, England.
3.
Bjerrum, L., and Simmons, N. E. (1960). “Comparison of shear strength characteristics of normally consolidated clays.” Research conference on shear strength of cohesive soils, ASCE, Boulder, Colo., 711–726.
4.
D'Appolonia, D. J., Lambe, T. W., and Poulos, H. G. (1971). “Evaluation of pore pressures beneath an embankment.” J. Soil Mech. and Foundations Div., ASCE, 97(SM6), 881–897.
5.
DeLory, F. A., and Salvas, R. J. (1969). “Some observations on the undrained shearing strength used to analyze a failure.” Can. Geotech. J., 6(2), 97–110.
6.
Donaghe, R. T., and Townsend, F. C. (1978). “Effects of anisotropic versus isotropic consolidation in consolidated undrained triaxial compression tests of cohesive soils,” Geotech. Test. J., ASTM, 1(4), 173–189.
7.
Holtz, R. D., and Kovacs, W. D. (1981). An introduction to geotechnical engineering, Prentice‐Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 605–610.
8.
Jaky, J. (1948). “Pressures in silos.” Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference in Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Rotterdam, Netherlands, Vol. 1, 103–107.
9.
Jamiolkowski, M., et al. (1985). “New developments in field and laboratory testing of soils.” Theme Lecture, Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, San Francisco, Calif., 57–153.
10.
Khera, R. P., and Krizek, R. J. (1967). “Strength behavior of an anisotropically consolidated remolded clay.” Highway Research Rec., 190, 8–18.
11.
Koutsoftas, D. C., and Ladd, C. C. (1985). “Design strength for an offshore clay.” J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 111(GT3), 337–355.
12.
Ladd, C. C. (1965). “Stress‐strain behavior of anisotropically consolidated clays during undrained shear.” Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Montreal, Canada, Vol. 1, 282–286.
13.
Massarsch, K. R., et al. (1975). “Measurement of horizontal in situ stresses.” Proceedings of the ASCE Specialty Conference on In Situ Measurement of Soil Properties, Raleigh, N.C., Vol. 1, 266–286.
14.
Mayne, P. W. (1985). “Stress anisotropy effects on clay strength.” J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 111(3), 356–366.
15.
Mitachi, T., and Kitago, S. (1976). “Change in undrained shear strength characteristics of saturated remolded clay due to swelling.” Soils Found., 16(1), 45–58.
16.
Nakase, A., and Kamei, T. (1983). “Undrained shear strength anisotropy of normally consolidated cohesive soils.” Soils Found., 23(1), 91–101.
17.
Nakase, A., and Kobayashi, M. (1971). “Change in undrained shear strength of saturated clay due to rebound.” Proceedings of the 4th Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Bangkok, Thailand, Vol. 1, 147–150.
18.
Parry, R. H. G., and Nadarajah, V. (1974). “Observations on laboratory prepared lightly overconsolidated specimens of kaolin.” Geotechnique, 24(3), 345–358.
19.
Sivakugan, N., and Holtz, R. D. (1986). Discussion of “Anisotropy of undrained shear strength of clays under axi‐symmetric loading conditions,” by H. Ohta and A. Nishihara. Soils Found., 26(1), 132–133.
20.
Skempton, A. W. (1954). “The pore pressure coefficients A and B,” Geotechnique, 4(4), 143–147.
21.
Skempton, A. W., and Bishop, A. W. (1954). “Soils.” Building materials, their elasticity and inelasticity, M. Reiner, ed., Interscience Publishers, New York, N.Y., 417–491.
22.
Tavenas, F., et al. (1975). “Difficulties in the in situ determination of in soft sensitive clays.” Proceedings of the ASCE Specialty Conference on In Situ Measurement of Soil Properties, Raleigh, N.C., Vol. 1, 450–476.
23.
Wroth, C. P. (1984). “The interpretation of in situ soil tests.” 24th Rankine Lecture, Geotechnique, 34(4), 449–489.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 114 • Issue 3 • March 1988
Pages: 284 - 295
Copyright
Copyright © 1988 ASCE.
History
Published online: Mar 1, 1988
Published in print: Mar 1988
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.