TECHNICAL PAPERS
Apr 1, 1986

Shaft Behavior of a Model Pile in Plastic Empire Clays

Publication: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 112, Issue 4

Abstract

New challenges in offshore work have stimulated research in the analysis and design of friction piles. While different concepts have been presented over the last few years for analyzing the behavior of pile shafts, there is a dearth of reliable published field measurements for evaluation of these predictive capabilities. This paper presents results of an experimental program which evaluates the conditions of a large scale pile load test. Extensive laboratory and in situ Piezocone tests emphasize the need to establish careful estimates of the initial in situ conditions and soil properties which exist prior to pile installatibn. Uncertainties associated with these parameters affect the accuracy of predictions arid hinder the extrapolation of results and experiences acquired at a given site to other deposits. Field measurements obtained with the Piezo‐Lateral Stress (PLS) cell, an instrumented model pile shaft, provide valuable information regarding the variation of stresses and pore pressures acting on pile shafts throughout the various stages of a pile history from installation to loading. The PLS cell data identity important factors that affect pile shaft behavior and require control during pile load tests.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

1.
Azzouz, A. S., Baligh, M. M., and Ladd, C. C., “Cone Penetration and Engineering Properties of the Soft Orinoco Clay,” Proceedings, Third International Conference on Behavior of Offshore Structures, BOSS '82, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, Vol. 1, 1982, pp. 161–180.
2.
Azzouz, A. S., and Baligh, M. M., “Behavior of Friction Piles in Plastic Empire Clays,” Publication No. 84‐14, Order No. 771, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, Sept., 1984.
3.
Azzouz, A. S., “Role of Load Tests in Friction Pile Design,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 112, GT4, Apr., 1986, pp. 407–423.
4.
Baligh, M. M., “Theory of Deep Site Static Cone Penetration Resistance,” Publication No. 75‐56, Order No. 517, Department of Civil Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, Sept., 1975, p. 133.
5.
Baligh, M. M., and Levadoux, J. N., “Pore Pressure Dissipation after Cone Penetration,” Publication No. R80‐11, Order No. 662, Department of Civil Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, Apr., 1980.
6.
Baligh, M. M., Vivatrat, V., and Ladd, C. C., “Exploration and Evaluation of Engineering Properties for Foundation Design of Offshore Structures,” Publication No. R78‐40, Order No. 607, Department of Civil Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, Dec., 1978.
7.
Baligh, M. M., Martin, R. T., Azzouz, A. S., and Morrison, M. J., “The Piezo‐Lateral Stress Cell,” Proceedings, 11th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, San Francisco, CA, Aug., 1985.
8.
Boggess, R. L., Bogard, J. D., and Hamilton, T. K., “Advanced In Situ Instruments for Studying the Behavior of Cyclically Loaded Friction Piles,” Proceedings, ASCE Annual Convention, Session #52 on Evaluation of Seafloor Soil Properties Under Cyclic Loads, Houston, TX, 1983.
9.
Burland, J. B., “Shaft Friction of Piles in Clay—A Simple Fundamental Approach,” Ground Engineering, Vol. 6, No. 3, 1973, pp. 30–42.
10.
Cox, W. R., Kraft, L. M., and Verner, E. A., “Axial Load Tests on 14‐Inch Pipe Piles in Qay,” Proceedings, 11th Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, TX, Vol. 2, 1979, pp. 1147–1158.
11.
Fisk, H. N., and McClelland, B., “Geology of the Continental Shelf Off Louisiana: Its Influence on Offshore Foundation Design,” Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, Vol. 70, 1959, pp. 1369–1394.
12.
FUGRO GULF, Inc., “Static Cone Penetration Testing at Chevron Deep Axial Pile Test Site—Pore Pressure Measurements,” Report No. 77‐089A, Report to Chevron Oil Field Research Co., Aug., 1978.
13.
FUGRO GULF, Inc., “Laboratory Testing Program—Chevron Deep Axial Pile Test Site—Empire, LA,” Report No. 77‐089B, Report to Chevron Oil Field Research Co., Mar., 1979.
14.
Jamiolkowski, M., Ladd, C. C., Germaine, J. T., and Lancellotta, R., “New Developments in Field and Laboratory Testing of Soils,” Proceedings, 11th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, San Francisco, CA, Aug., 1985.
15.
Kavvadas, M., “Non‐Linear Consolidation Around Driven Piles in Clays,” thesis presented to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, at Cambridge, MA, in 1982, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Science.
16.
Kolb, C. R., and Kaufman, R. I., “Pro Delta Clays of Southeast Louisiana,” Marine Geotechnique, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, IL, 1967, pp. 3–21.
17.
Kraft, L. M., Cox, W. R., and Verner, E. A., “Pile Load Tests: Cyclic Loads and Varying Load Rates,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 107, No. GT1, Jan., 1981, pp. 1–19.
18.
Ladd, C. C., and Azzouz, A. S., “Stress History and Strength of Stiff Offshore Clays,” Proceedings, Conference on Geotechnical Practice in Offshore Engineering, Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX, Apr., 1983, pp. 65–80.
19.
Ladd, C. C., and Edgers, L., “Consolidated‐Undrained Direct‐Simple Shear Tests on Saturated Clays,” Report No. 3‐101, Phase Report No. 16, Department of Civil Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 1972.
20.
Ladd, C. C., and Foott, R., “New Design Procedure for Stability of Soft Clays,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 100, No. GT7, 1974, pp. 763–786.
21.
McClelland Engineers, Inc., “Chevron Cooperative Research Program on Axial‐Load Capacity of Deep Foundation Piling—Soil Properties and Pile Capacity Predictions, Empire, LA,” Report to Chevron Oil Field Research Co., Report No. 73‐297, Aug., 1975.
22.
McClelland Engineers, Inc., “Chevron Cooperative Research Program on Axial‐Load Capacity of Deep Foundation Piling—Supplement No. 1—Vane Boring and Supplemental Laboratory Tests,” Report to Chevron Oil Field Research Co., Report No. 73‐297, Supplement No. 1, Oct., 1976.
23.
Morrison, M. J., “In Situ Measurements on Model Piles,” thesis presented to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, at Cambridge, MA, in 1984, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 112Issue 4April 1986
Pages: 389 - 406

History

Published online: Apr 1, 1986
Published in print: Apr 1986

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Amr S. Azzouz
Assoc. Prof., of Civ. Engrg., Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA 02139
David G. Lutz, Associate Members, ASCE
Research Engr., Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA 02139

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share