TECHNICAL PAPERS
Nov 1, 1986

Low Strain Dynamic Properties of Artificially Cemented Sand

Publication: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 112, Issue 11

Abstract

Torsional resonant column tests are conducted to study the effect of artificial cementation on low strain dynamic properties of Monterey No. 0 sand. Artificially cemented specimens are prepared using 1, 2, and 4% Portland cement by weight. Specimens were tested after 14 days of curing. It is determined that maximum shear modulus increased and damping ratio decreased with an increase in the degree of cementation. The maximum dynamic shear moduli increased due to corresponding increases in stiffness coefficients. The stiffness ratio defined as the stiffness of cemented to uncemented specimens varied with the degree of cementation and density. Dense specimens rendered higher stiffness ratios. The stiffness ratio was correlated to unconfined compressive strength and the cohesion intercept from CIU tests. Degradation of modulus ratio with strain ratio depended upon both the degree of cementation and density. Decay of modulus was more predominant in stiffer specimens. Cementation led to a decrease in damping ratio at all levels of strain.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

1.
Beckwith, G. H., and Hansen, L. A., “The Calcerous Soils of the Southwestern United States,” ASTM Symposium on Calcerous Soils, Ft. Lauderdale, Fla., Jan. 20, 1981.
2.
Charlie, W. A., Matthew, W. M., Tiedemann, D. A., and Doehring, D. O., “Cyclic Triaxial Behavior of Monterey Number 0 and 0/30 Sands,” Geotechnical Engineering Journal, ASTM, Vol. 7, No. 4, 1984, pp. 111–125.
3.
Chung, B. M., Yokel, F. Y., and Drnevich, V. P., “Evaluation of Dynamic Properties of Sands by Resonant Column Testing,” Geotechnical Testing Journal, GTJODJ, Vol. 7, No. 2, June, 1984, pp. 60–69.
4.
Clough, G. W., Sitar, N., Bachus, R., and Rad, N. S., “Cemented Sands under Static Loading,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 107, No. GT6, June, 1981, pp. 799–817.
5.
Cunney, R. W., and Fry, Z. B., “Vibratory In‐Situ and Laboratory Soil Moduli Compared,” Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 99, No. SM12, Dec., 1973, pp. 1055–1076.
6.
Denisov, N. Y., and Reltov, B. F., “The Influence of Certain Processes on the Strength of Soils,” Proc. 5th Int. Conf. Soil Mech. and Found. Engr., Vol. 1, 1961, pp. 75–78.
7.
Drnevich, V. P., “Draft Report of the Initial ASTM Resonant Column Round Robin Testing Program,” University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky., 1979.
8.
Drnevich, V. P., Hardin, B. O., and Skippy, D. J., “Modulus and Damping of Soils by the Resonant Column Method,” Dynamic Geotechnical Testing, STP 654, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa., 1978, pp. 91–125.
9.
Duncan, J. M., Byrne, P., Wong, K. S., and Mabry, P., “Strength, Stress, Strain and Bulk Modulus Parameters for Finite Element Analyses of Stresses and Movement in Soil Masses,” Report No. UCB/GT/80‐01, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., University of California, Berkeley, Calif., Aug., 1980.
10.
Dupas, J. M., and Decker, A., “Static and Dynamic Properties of Sand Cement,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 105, No. GT3, Mar., 1979, pp. 419–436.
11.
Durante, V. A., and Voronkevich, S. D., “Studies of Sand Densities for Construction Purposes,” Annals of Moscow University, No. 2, 1955, pp. 131–137.
12.
Durgunoglu, H. T., Tezcan, S. S., and Acar, Y. B., “A Study on Comparison of Empirically and Insitu Determined Dynamic Soil Properties,” Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Athens, Greece, Vol. 2, Sept., 1982, pp. 291–299.
13.
El‐Tahir, A. E., “Low Strain Dynamic Properties of Artificially Cemented Monterey No. 0/30 Sand,” thesis presented to Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, La., in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science.
14.
Frydman, S., Hendron, D., Horn, H., Steinbach, J., Baker, R., and Shaal, B., “Liquefaction Study of Cemented Sand,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 106, No. GT3, Mar., 1980, pp. 275–297.
15.
Hardin, B. O., “The Nature of Stress‐Strain Behavior of Soils,” Proceedings of the Geotechnical Division Specialty Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, ASCE, Pasadena, Calif., 1978, pp. 3–90.
16.
Hardin, B. O., and Drnevich, V. P., “Shear Modulus and Damping in Soils: Design Equations and Curves,” Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 98, No. SM7, July, 1972, pp. 667–692.
17.
Ladd, R. S., “Preparing Test Specimens Using Undercompaction,” Geotechnical Testing Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1, Mar., 1978, pp. 16–23.
18.
Lukas, R. G., “Densification of Loose Deposits by Pounding,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 106, No. GT4, Apr., 1980, pp. 435–446.
19.
Mitchell, J. K., Soil Behavior, John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y., 1976.
20.
Mitchell, J. K., “The Properties of Cement‐Stabilized Soils,” paper prepared for workshop on materials and methods for low cost road, rail and reclamation work, Leuro, Australia, Sept. 6–10, 1976.
21.
Mitchell, J. K., and Solymar, Z. V., “Time‐dependent Strength Gain in Freshly Deposited or Densified Sand,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 110, No. GT11, Nov., 1984, pp. 1559–1576.
22.
Poulos, H. G., “A Review of the Behavior and Engineering Properties of Carbonate Soils,” Research Report No. R381, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, Dec., 1980.
23.
Rad, N. S., and Clough, G. W., “The Influence of Cementation on the Static and Dynamic Behavior of Sands,” Report No. 59, John Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., Dec., 1982.
24.
Salomone, L. A., Singh, H., and Fisher, J. A., “Cyclic Shear Strength of Variably Cemented Sands,” Proceedings of the ASCE Geotechnical Engineering Division Specialty Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, Vol. 11, Pasadena, Calif., June, 1978, pp. 819–835.
25.
Saxena, S., and Lastrico, R. M., “Static Properties of Lightly Cemented Sand,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 104, No. GT12, Dec., 1978, pp. 1449–1464.
26.
Silver, M. L., Chan, C. K., Ladd, R. S., Lee, K. L., Tiedemann, D. A., Townsend, F. C., Valera, J. E., and Wilson, J. H., “Cyclic Triaxial Strength of a Standard Test Sand,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 102, No. GT5, May, 1976, pp. 511–523.
27.
Sitar, N., and Clough, G. W., “Seismic Response of Steep Slopes in Cemented Soils,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 109, No. GT2, Feb., 1983, pp. 210–227.
28.
Stokoe, K. E., and Richart, F. E., “Shear Modulus of Soils, In Situ and from Laboratory Tests,” Proceedings of the 5th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 1, Rome, Italy, 1973, pp. 356–369.
29.
Taylor, P. W., and Larkin, T. J., “Seismic Site Response Analysis of Nonlinear Soil Media,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 104, No. GT3, Mar., 1978, pp. 369–386.
30.
Wong, K. S., and Duncan, J. M., “Hyperbolic Stress‐Strain Parameters for Nonlinear Finite Element Analyses of Stresses and Movements in Soils Masses,” Geotechnical Engineering Report, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Calif., July, 1974.
31.
Yamanouchi, T., Mochinaga, R., Gotoh, K., and Murata, H., “Status of Cutoff Slopes in Pumicer Flow Soil Deposits and their Applications to the Design Standards for an Expressway,” Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Tokyo, Japan, 1977.
32.
Yu, P., and Richart, F. E., “Stress Ratio Effects on Shear Modulus of Dry Sands,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 110, No. 3, Mar., 1984, pp. 331–345.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 112Issue 11November 1986
Pages: 1001 - 1015

History

Published online: Nov 1, 1986
Published in print: Nov 1986

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Yalcin B. Acar, M. ASCE
Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA 70803
El‐Tahir A. El‐Tahir
Grad. Research Asst., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share