Loading Rate Method for Pile Response in Clay
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 111, Issue 3
Abstract
A method is proposed to predict the behavior of single piles in cohesive soil subjected to vertical loads applied at various rates. The elementary simple shear model is made rate‐dependent by introducing the time raised to a negative power n. This viscous exponent n is shown to vary from 0.02–0.08 with a 0.05 average. Correlations with undrained shear strength, water content, plasticity, the liquidity index and overconsolidation ratio are shown based on 152 laboratory tests. Integration of the elementary model leads to rate‐dependent elastic‐plastic or hyperbolic load transfer curves. A program to predict the head load‐head movement response of the pile using these rate‐dependent load‐transfer curves is described. The validity of the method is first addressed by examining the physical reasons for the rate‐dependent properties of clays, then by using the results of 62 rate‐dependent pile load tests and by examining a series of applications of the new method and, finally, by presenting the results of a parametric study.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Audibert, J. M. E., and Dover, A. R., discussion of “Pile Load Tests: Cyclic Loads and Varying Load Rates,” Journal of the Geotechnical Division, ASCE, Vol. 108, No. GT3, Mar., 1982.
2.
Bea, R. G., and Audibert, J. M. E., “Performance of Dynamically Loaded Pile Foundations,” Proceedings of the Aug. 28–31, 1979, Second International Conference of Behavior of Off‐Shore Structures, held at Imperial College, London, England, pp. 728–743.
3.
Bjerrum, L., Simons, N., and Torblaa, I., “The Effect of Time on the Shear Strength of a Soft Marine Clay,” Publication No. 33, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, 1958, pp. 135–142.
4.
Briaud, J. L., and Garland, E., “Influence of Loading Rate on Axially Loaded Piles in Clay,” Research Report for the American Petroleum Institute, Civil Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Tex., 1984.
5.
Casagrande, A., and Shannon, W. L., “Research on Stress‐Deformation and Strength Characteristics of Soils and Soft Rocks under Transient Loading,” Harvard Soil Mechanics, Series No. 31, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., 1948.
6.
Clisby, M. B., Scholtes, R. M., Corey, M. W., Cole, H. A., Teng, P., and Webb, J. D., “An Evaluation of Pile Bearing Capacities,” Volume I: Final Report; Volume II: Field Data; Mississippi Highway Department Report, Jan., 1978.
7.
Coyle, H. M., Bartoskewitz, R. E., and Berger, W. J., “Bearing Capacity Prediction by Wave Equation Analysis—State of the Art,” TTI Report No. 125‐8F, Texas A&M University, College Station, Tex., Aug., 1973.
8.
Crawford, C. B., “The Influence of Rate of Strain on Effective Stresses in Sensitive Clay,” Special Technical Publication No. 361, American Society of Testing Materials, 1959, pp. 36–61.
9.
Frank, R., “Etude Theorique du Comportement des Pieux sous Charge Verticale. Introduction de la Dilatance,” Rapport de Recherche No. 46, Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussees, Paris, France, July, 1975.
10.
Kraft, L. M., Jr., Cox, W. R., and Verner, E. A., “Pile Load Tests: Cyclic Loads and Varying Load Rates,” Journal of the Geotechnical Division, ASCE, Vol. 107, No. GT1, Jan., 1981, pp. 1–20.
11.
Lacasse, S., “Safety of Gravity Platforms: Effect of Load Duration on Undrained Behavior of Clay and Sand—Literature Survey,” Internal Report 40007‐1, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Apr., 1979.
12.
Low, P. F., “Physical Chemistry of Clay Water Interaction,” Advances in Agronomy, Vol. 13, Academic Press, New York, N.Y., pp. 269–327.
13.
Mitchell, J. K., Fundamentals of Soil Behavior, John Wiley & Sons, New York, N.Y., 1976.
14.
Pike, R., “A Preliminary Study of Rate of Loading Effects on Axial Pile Capacities,” Report to Union Oil Company of California, Science and Technology Division, Dec., 1981.
15.
Randolph, R. G., and Wroth, C. P., “Analysis of Deformation of Vertically Loaded Piles,” Journal of the Geotechnical Division, ASCE, No. GT12, Dec., 1978.
16.
“Recommended Practice for Planning Designing and Constructing Fixed Off‐shore Platforms,” API RP.2A, American Petroleum Institute.
17.
Riggins, M., “The Viscoelastic Characterization of Marine Sediment in Large‐Scale Simple Shear,” dissertation presented to Texas A&M University, at College Station, Tex., in 1981, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
18.
Schmertmann, J. H., “Guidelines for Cone Penetration Test: Performance and Design,” Report FHWA‐75‐Y8‐209, U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1978.
19.
Whitman, R. V., “The Behavior of Soils under Transient Loading,” Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, VI, London, England, 1957, pp. 207–210.
20.
Whitman, R. V., “The Response of Soils to Dynamic Loadings,” Report 26: Final Report, U.S. Army Engineers Waterways Experiment Station, May, 1970.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 111 • Issue 3 • March 1985
Pages: 319 - 335
Copyright
Copyright © 1985 ASCE.
History
Published online: Mar 1, 1985
Published in print: Mar 1985
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.