TECHNICAL PAPERS
Jun 1, 1984

Ground Response to Dynamic Compaction

Publication: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 110, Issue 6

Abstract

Field measurements from over 120 sites have been collected to study current practice and determine if similarities exist in the response of the ground to site improvement by dynamic compaction. Data were obtained from published reports and files. Ground conditions at these sites were quite diverse, including natural sands, hydraulic fills, rubble, clay fills, and miscellaneous materials. General trends are presented which show that crater depths, ground vibrations, and the depth of influence increase with the energy per blow. The magnitude of induced subsidence, static cone resistance, standard penetration resistance, pressuremeter modulus, and limit pressure tend to increase with the applied energy per unit area.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

1.
Abelev, M. Y., “Compacting Loess Soils in the USSR,” Ground Treatment by Deep Compaction, Institution of Civil Engineers, London, 1976, pp. 79–82.
2.
Alcott, A. D., and Mayne, P. W., unpublished report “Dynamic Compaction at Harbour Island, Tampa, Florida,” Law Engineering, Aug., 1983.
3.
Baker, W. H., “Ground Modification‐Dynamic Deep Compaction,” Report No. 1223, Haywood‐Baker Co., Odenton, Md., 1981.
4.
Baker, W. H., “Highway 71—Springdale, Arkansas, Dynamic Deep Compaction—Sanitary Landfill,” Hayward‐Baker Company Report to Arkansas State Highway & Transportation Department, Apr., 1982.
5.
Bhandari, R., “Countering Liquefaction by Subsoil Densification,” Proceedings, 6th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, New Delhi, 1977, pp. 61–66.
6.
Bjøgerud, O., and Haug, A., “Dynamic Compaction of Rockfill at an Oil Refinery,” Proceedings, 8th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, Helsinki, 1983, pp. 213–318.
7.
Brandl, H., and Sadgorski, W., “Dynamic Stresses in Soils Caused by Falling Weights,” Proceedings, 9th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 2, Tokyo, 1977, pp. 187–194.
8.
Charles, J. A., “General Report—Methods of Treatment of Clay Fills,” Clay Fills, Institution of Civil Engineers, London, 1979, pp. 318–319.
9.
Charles, J. A., Earle, E. W., and Burford, D., “Treatment and Subsequent Performance of Cohesive Fill,” Clay Fills, Institution of Civil Engineers, London, 1979, pp. 63–72.
10.
Charles, J. A., et al., “Field Studies of the Effectiveness of Dynamic Consolidation,” Proceedings, 10th International Conference on Soil Mechanics, Vol. 3, Stockholm, 1981, pp. 617–622.
11.
Cheeks, J. R., and Lingo, E. W., “Report of Dynamic Consolidation Test Program, Blount Island, Florida,” Law Engineering Report No. J‐1695P to Lockwood‐Greene, Inc., Jacksonville, Fla., Apr., 1974.
12.
Cleaud, J., et al., “Analysis of Results Obtained on a Dynamic Compaction Site,” Proceedings, 8th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, Helsinki, 1983, pp. 19–24.
13.
Cognon, J., et al., “Combination of Drains, Surcharge and Dynamic Compaction,” Proceedings, 8th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, Helsinki, 1983, pp. 219–222.
14.
D'Appolonia, D. J., “Foundation Improvement by Dynamic Consolidation,” Improving Poor Soil Conditions, ASCE Seminar, Oct., 1978.
15.
Dash, B. P., discussion on Dynamic Compaction, Ground Treatment by Deep Compaction, Institution of Civil Engineers, London, 1976, pp. 100–104.
16.
David, D., “Deep Compaction,” Internal Publication, D. David Engineers, Ltd., Ramat Aviv, Israel (as referenced by Leonards, et al.).
17.
DeBeer, E., and VanWambeke, A., “Consolidation Dynamique par Pilonnage Intensif, Annates des Trauvaux Publics de Belgique, No. 5, Oct., 1973, pp. 295–318.
18.
Dobson, T., and Slocomb, B., “Deep Densification of Granular Fills,” Internal Publication, GKN Keller Foundation Company, presented at ASCE 2nd Geotechnical Conference, Las Vegas, Nev., Apr., 1982.
19.
Dumas, J., “Dynamic Consolidation, Case Histories, Canadian Realizations,” Reports by Geopac, Inc., St. Lambert, Quebec, 1982.
20.
Dumas, J., “Densification of Foundation Soils, Port Mellon, B.C.,” GEOPAC Report to Canadian Forest Products, Ltd., June, 1982.
21.
Dumas, J., “Densification of Foundation Soils for Parcels Nos. 8 and 10, Lonsdale Quay, North Vancouver,” GEOPAC Final Report to British Columbia Development Corp., Jan., 1981.
22.
Dumas, J., “Densification of Soils for Cold Storage Warehouse, Prince Rupert, B.C.,” GEOPAC Report to B.C. Packers Ltd., Oct., 1981.
23.
Edinger, P. H., “TOF Terminal, Alexandria, Egypt,” Mueser‐Rutledge Report No. 5534 to Black & Veatch International, Mar. 7, 1982.
24.
Gambin, M. P., “Menard Dynamic Consolidation,” presented at ASCE Seminar on Ground Reinforcement, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., Jan., 1979.
25.
Gambin, M. P., “The Menard Dynamic Consolidation at Nice Airport,” Proceedings, 8th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Helsinki, May, 1983.
26.
Gambin, M. P., “Dynamic Consolidation‐Soletanche,” brochures by Sole‐tanche, Nanterre, France, 1982.
27.
Gambin, M. P., and Bolle, G., “Sea Bed Soil Improvement for Lagos Dry Dock,” Proceedings, 8th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Helsinki, May, 1983.
28.
Gambin, M., Capelle, J., and Dumas, J., “La Consolidation dynamique: une technique permettant de diminuer les risques de liquefaction,” Proceedings, 3rd Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Montreal, June, 1979, pp. 117–146.
29.
Gigan, J. P., “Compactage par Pilonage Intensif,” Bulletin Fonts et Chaussees, Paris, France, Vol. 90, July–Aug., 1977, pp. 81–102 (as reported by Leonards, et al.).
30.
Guyot, G., et al., “Dynamic Consolidation Increases Soil Bearing Capacity,” Highway and Heavy Construction, Oct., 1981.
31.
Guyot, C., et al., “Foundation Improvement by Dynamic Consolidation,” brochure by Menard, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa., 1980.
32.
Guyot, C., et al., “Ground Improvement, Geotechnical Equipment,” brochure by Menard, Inc., Monroeville, Pa., 1981.
33.
Guyot, C., and Varaksin, S., “Dynamic Consolidation Test Pilot, Willisville, Illinois,” Menard Report No. ROC‐601 to Dames and Moore, Mar. 24, 1980.
34.
Hansbo, S., “Dynamic Consolidation of Soil by a Falling Weight,” Ground Engineering, Vol. 11, No. 5, July, 1978, pp. 27–36.
35.
Hansbo, S., “Dynamic Consolidation of Rockfill,” Proceedings, 9th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 2, Tokyo, 1977, pp. 241–246.
36.
Hanzawa, H., “Improvement of a Quick Sand,” Proceedings, 10th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 3, Stockholm, 1981, pp. 683–686.
37.
Hartikainen, J., and Valtonen, M., “Heavy Tamping of Ground at Aimarautio Bridge,” Proceedings, 8th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 249–252.
38.
Hobbs, N. B., discussion on dynamic compaction, Ground Treatment by Deep Compaction, Institution of Civil Engineers, London, 1976, pp. 104–105.
39.
Johnson, D., et al., “Evaluation of Ground Improvement at Belawan,” Proceedings, 8th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, Helsinki, 1983, pp. 45–52.
40.
Juille, Y., and Sherwood, D., “Improvement of Sabkhas Soil,” Proceedings, 8th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 2, pp. 781–788.
41.
Kessler, E., discussion to “Densification of Loose Deposits by Pounding,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, Vol. 107, GT5, May, 1981, p. 709.
42.
Kiefer, M., and Trapp, J., “Dynamic Consolidation Test Program,” Illinois Coal Gasification Group, Pipeline Gas Plant, Willisville, Illinois,” Dames and Moore Report to Dravo Corp., July 29, 1980.
43.
Klein, J. P., “Dynamic Consolidation in Saudi Arabia,” Law Engineering Internal Publication, Atlanta, Ga., May, 1981.
44.
Koponen, H., “Soil Improvement at the Site of a Harbor Storage,” Proceedings, 8th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, 1983, pp. 267–269.
45.
Leonards, G. A., et al., “Dynamic Compaction of Granular Soils,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, Vol. 106, No. GT1, Jan., 1980, pp. 35–44.
46.
Loos, W., “Comparative Studies for Compacting Cohesionless Soils,” Proceedings, 1st International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. III, Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass., June, 1936, pp. 174–178.
47.
Lukas, R. G., “Densification of Loose Deposits by Pounding,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, Vol. 106, GT4, Apr., 1980, pp. 435–446.
48.
Lukas, R. G., closure, Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 107, No. GT5, May, 1981, pp. 709–710.
49.
Mann, M. J., and Guyot, C. A., “Foundation Preparation using the Dynamic Consolidation Process,” Menard‐ECI Report No. MEC 81‐0901 to Dravo Corporation, for Massey Coal Facility, Newport News, Va., Dec., 1981.
50.
Mayne, P. W., Jones, J. S., and Panich, D. A., “Report of Dynamic Compaction Building Six, Section Two, Landmark News, Alexandria, Virginia,” Law Engineering Report No. W3‐3981A, Aug., 1983.
51.
Mayne, P. W., and Jones, J. S., “Evaluation of Site Improvement by Dynamic Consolidation, Massey Coal Terminal, Newport News, Virginia,” Law Engineering Report No. W‐l‐3190, Jan. 28, 1982.
52.
Mayne, P. W., and Jones, J. S., “Impact Densification,” Law Engineering Special Services Bulletin No. 129, Washington, D.C., 1982.
53.
Mayne, P. W., Jones, J. S., and Boudra, L., “I‐65 Impact Densification Study, Jefferson County, Alabama,” Law Engineering Report No. B‐3241, Dec. 15, 1982.
54.
Mayne, P. W., Jones, J. S., and Tice, J. A., “Dynamic Compaction for Coquina Harbor, Little River, South Carolina,” Law Engineering Report No W3‐4208, to Faircloth General Contractors, Jan., 1984.
55.
Mayne, P., and Jones, J. S., “Dynamic Compaction for Radisson Hotel, Charlottesville, Virginia,” Law Engineering Report No. W4‐4274, to Hardin Construction Company, Feb., 1984.
56.
Menard, L., discussion of dynamic compaction in Ground Treatment by Deep Compaction, A. Penman, ed., Institution of Civil Engineers, London, 1975, pp. 956–96, 106–107.
57.
Menard, Inc., “Dynamic Consolidation—The Menard Group,” Internal Publication, 22 Cambridge Street, Aylesburg, England, 1981.
58.
Menard, L., “Method of Compacting Made‐up Ground and Natural Soil of Mediocre Quality,” U.S. Patent No. 3,898,844, Aug., 1975.
59.
Menard, L., and Broise, Y., “Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Dynamic Consolidation,” Geotechnique 25, No. 1, Mar., 1975, pp. 3–17.
60.
Minkov, M., et al., “Compaction and Stabilization of Loess in Bulgaria,” Proceedings, 10th International Conference on Soil Mechanics, Vol. 3, Stockholm, 1981, pp. 745–748.
61.
Minkov, M., and Donchev, P., “Development of Heavy Tamping of Loess,” Proceedings, 8th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 2, 1983, pp. 797–800.
62.
Mitchell, J. K., “Ground Reinforcement Techniques‐Overview,” presented at ASCE National Capital Section Seminar on Ground Reinforcement, Jan., 1979, George Washington University, Washington, D.C.
63.
Mitchell, J. K., “Soil Improvement, State‐of‐the‐Art Report,” Proceedings, 10th International Conference on Soil Mechanics, Vol. 4, Session 12, Stockholm, 1981, pp. 509–521.
64.
Mosely, M. P., and Slocombe, B., “In‐Situ Treatment of Clay Fills,” Clay Fills, Institution of Civil Engineers, London, 1978, pp. 165–168.
65.
Panich, D., Mayne, P., and Jones, J. S., “Impact Densification, T.O.F. Project, Egypt,” Law Engineering Report No. W1‐3390, to Harbert‐Howard Companies, Nov., 1981, Washington, D.C.
66.
Patey, D. R., “Dynamic Consolidation at Surrey Docks,” Ground Engineering, Vol. 12, No. 1, Jan., 1979, pp. 32–34.
67.
Pearce, P. W., discussion on dynamic compaction, Clay Fills, Institution of Civil Engineers, London, 1979, pp. 279–281.
68.
Pearce, P. W., discussion on dynamic compaction, Ground Treatment by Deep Compaction, Institution of Civil Engineers, London, 1976, pp. 98–99.
69.
Pearce, R. W., “Deep Soil Compaction by Heavy Surface Tamping,” state‐of‐the‐art report submitted in partial fulfillment for Master of Science degree, Imperial College, University of London, July, 1977.
70.
Pilot, G., “Methods of Improving the Engineering Properties of Soft Clay,” Soft Clay Engineering, Elsevier, Amsterdam, E.‐W. Brand, ed., 1981, pp. 637–696.
71.
Qian, Z., and Li, G.‐W., “Pack Drain‐Dynamic Compaction for Soft Foundation,” Proceedings, 8th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, 1983, pp. 293–296.
72.
Ramaswamy, S. D., et al., “Dynamic Consolidation, Dramatic Way to Strengthen Soil,” Civil Engineering, ASCE, Apr., 1981, pp. 70–73.
73.
Ramaswamy, S. D., et al., “Treatment of Peaty Clay by High Energy Impact,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, Vol. 105, GT8, Aug., 1979, pp. 957–967.
74.
Ramaswamy, S., Daulah, I., and Hasan, Z., “Pressuremeter Correlations with SPT and CPT,” Proceedings, 2nd European Conference on Penetration Testing, Vol. 1, 1982, Amsterdam, pp. 137–142.
75.
Scott, R. A., and Pearce, R. W., “Soil Compaction by Impacts,” Ground Treatment by Deep Compaction, Institution of Civil Engineers, Telford, Ltd., London, 1976, pp. 19–30.
76.
Stegman, B. G., “Dynamic Compaction,” thesis submitted to the University of Maryland, at College Park, Md., in 1981, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science.
77.
Stegman, B. G., et al., “Dynamic Compaction at the Prittstown Mine Fire, Fayette County, Pennsylvania,” Office of Surface Mining, Research Contract, U.S. Dept. of Interior awarded to Earth Tech Research Corp., Baltimore, Md., Jan., 1983.
78.
Thompson, G., and Herbert, A., “Compaction of Clay Fills In‐situ,” Clay Fills, Institution of Civil Engineers, London, 1979, pp. 197–204.
79.
Varaksin, S. V., “Report on Soil Improvement for Indianapolis Public School No. 47,” Indiana, Menard Project No. 79‐008, Jan. 11, 1980, Pittsburgh, Pa.
80.
Varaksin, S. V., “Report on Dynamic Consolidation Bayonet Point Hospital, Florida,” Menard Project No. 80‐004, to Hospital Corp. of America, Hudson, Fla., Apr. 9, 1980.
81.
Welsh, J. P., “Dynamic Deep Compaction for Sanitary Landfills,” presented to ASCE North Jersey Branch, New Jersey Section, Hayward Baker Company, June 3, 1982.
82.
West, J. M., “The Role of Ground Improvement in Foundation Engineering,” Ground Treatment by Deep Compaction, Institution of Civil Engineers, London, 1976, pp. 71–78.
83.
West, J. M., and Slocombe, B., “Dynamic Consolidation as an Alternative Foundation,” Ground Engineering, Vol. 6, No. 6, 1973, pp. 52–54.
84.
Wetzel, R. A., and Vey, E., “Axisymmetric Stress Wave Propagation in Sand,” Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, Vol. 96, SM5, Sept., 1970, pp. 1763–1786.
85.
Wiss, J. F., “Construction Vibrations: State‐of‐the‐Art,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, Vol. 107, GT2, Feb., 1981, pp. 167–182.
86.
York, D., “Dynamic Compaction at Bathgate, South Bronx,” private files, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, Jan., 1983.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 110Issue 6June 1984
Pages: 757 - 774

History

Published online: Jun 1, 1984
Published in print: Jun 1984

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Paul W. Mayne, A. M. ASCE
Sr. Geotechnical Engr., Law Engrg., Drawer QQ, McLean, Va. 22101
John S. Jones, Jr., A. M. ASCE
Pres., GeoSystems, Inc., P.O. Box 618, Sterling, Va. 22170
Jean C. Dumas
Pres., Geopac Inc., 680 Birch, St.‐Lambert, Quebec, J4P 2N3

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share