TECHNICAL PAPERS
Jun 1, 1984

Basic Properties of Sand and Gravel Filters

Publication: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 110, Issue 6

Abstract

Laboratory experiments have shown that uniform filters will catch particles with diameter of about 0.11D15 when the particles are carried in suspension in seeping water. Smaller particles will be carried through the filter pores and larger particles will not enter. The main current filter criterion, D15/d855, is shown to be conservative, but not excessively. Its use should be continued. Filter criteria using the ratios D50/d50 and D15/d15 are not supported by experiments or theory. Filters of angular particles of crushed rock are as satisfactory as those of rounded alluvial particles. It is not necessary for the filter particle size distribution to have a shape generally similar to that of the base particle size distribution.

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References

1.
Bertram, G. E., “Experimental Investigation of Protective Filters,” Soil Mechanics Series No. 7, Graduate School of Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., 1940.
2.
Busch, K. F., and Luckner, L., “Geohydraulik,” VEB Deutscher Verlag fur Grundstoffindustrie, Leipsig, 1972, 442 pp.
3.
Carman, P. C., Flow of Gases Through Porous Media, Butterworth's Scientific Publications, London, 1956.
4.
Lund, A., “An Experimental Study of Graded Filters,” thesis presented to the University of London, at London, U.K., in 1949, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science.
5.
Sherard, J. L., “Sinkholes in Dams of Coarse Broadly Graded Soils,” 13th ICOLD Congress, India, Vol. II, 1979, pp. 25–35.
6.
Sherard, J. L., Dunnigan, L. P., and Talbot, J. R., “Filters for Silts and Clays,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 110, No. GT6, June, 1984, pp. 701–718.
7.
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U.S. Army Engineers, “Filter Experiments and Design Criteria,” Technical Memorandum No. 3‐360, Waterways Experiment Station, 1953.
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Vaughan, P. R., and Soares, H. F., “Design of Filters for Clay Cores of Dams,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 108, No. GT1, Jan., 1982.
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Published In

Go to Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 110Issue 6June 1984
Pages: 684 - 700

History

Published online: Jun 1, 1984
Published in print: Jun 1984

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Authors

Affiliations

James L. Sherard, F. ASCE
Consulting Engr., San Diego, Calif.
Lorn P. Dunnigan
Head, Soil Mechanics Lab., National Technical Center, Soil Conservation Service, U.S.D.A., Lincoln, Neb.
James R. Talbot, Members, ASCE
National Soil Engr., Soil Conservation Service, U.S.D.A., Washington, D.C.

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