TECHNICAL PAPERS
Apr 1, 1984

Failure of Pore‐Water Analyses for Dispersion

Publication: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 110, Issue 4

Abstract

The method of Sherard, et al., where soil saturation extract cation data are plotted on a percent sodium versus TDS (total dissolved solids in milliequivalents per liter) graph to classify clayey soils as dispersive or nondispersive, is applied to 223 soil samples from six different soil groups. The method exhibited poor overall agreement with physical test results. These data were subsequently evaluated using analysis of variance and discriminant analysis (a multivariate classification technique) which indicated that each soil group exhibits unique classification criteria based on pore‐water cation data. It appears that, for most soil groups in this study, pore‐water cation data do not provide adequate identification of dispersive and nondispersive clay soils. Reasons for the observed lack of agreement between pore‐water data and physical tests are reviewed and suggestions for further research are presented.

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References

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Acciardi, R. G., “Quantification of Pinhole Test Equipment Hydraulic Characteristics,” Technical Report REC‐ERC‐82‐15, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo., Jan., 1982.
2.
Craft, D., “Vacuum Filtration Versus Centrifugation for Sodium Adsorption Ratio Determinations,” Geotechnical Testing Journal, American Society for Testing and Materials, Vol. 1, No. 4, Dec., 1978, pp. 237–238.
3.
Decker, R. S., and Dunnigan, L. P., “Development and Use of the Soil Conservation Service Dispersion Test,” in Dispersive Clays, Related Piping, and Erosion in Geotechnical Projects, ASTM STP623, Sherard and Decker, eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, 1977, pp. 94–109.
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Emerson, W. W., “A Classification of Soil Aggregates Based on Their Coherence in Water,” Australian Journal of Soil Research, Vol. 5, 1967, pp. 47–57.
5.
Kinney, J. L., “Laboratory Procedures for Determining the Dispersibility of Clayey Soils,” Technical Report REC‐ERC‐79‐10, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo., Sept., 1979.
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Sherard, J. L., Dunnigan, L. P., Decker, R. S., and Steel, E. F., “The Pinhole Test for Identifying Dispersive Soils,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 102, No. GT1, Jan., 1976, pp. 69–85.
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Sherard, J. L., Dunnigan, L. P., and Decker, R. S., “Identification and Nature of Dispersive Soils,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 102, No. GT4, Apr., 1976, pp. 287–301.
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Yong, R. N., and Sethi, A. J., “Turbidity and Zeta Potential Measurements of Clay Dispersibility,” in Dispersive Clays, Related Piping, and Erosion in Geotechnical Projects, ASTM STP623, Sherard and Decker, eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, 1977, pp. 419–431.

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Go to Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 110Issue 4April 1984
Pages: 459 - 472

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Published online: Apr 1, 1984
Published in print: Apr 1984

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Authors

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C. Douglas Craft
Research Chemist, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, P.O. Box 25007 Denver Federal Center D‐1253, Denver, Colo. 80225
Raymond G. Acciardi
Research Civ. Engr., U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo

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