Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Produced with Low NOx Burner/Selective Catalytic Reduction Fly Ash
Publication: Journal of Energy Engineering
Volume 127, Issue 2
Abstract
Electric utility coal combustion processes employing low NOx burner and high-dust selective catalytic reduction (SCR) emission control technologies produce fly ash that is high in carbon and ammonium salt content. Such ash is considered undesirable for use as admixture in standard concrete because of its decreased compressive strength and ammonia odor. This research investigates the use of low NOx burner/SCR fly ash for production of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC). For this study, samples were obtained from the Orlando Utility Commission's Stanton Power Generation Plant Unit 2, which contained 6% carbon and 28 mg of ammonium ion/kg fly ash. A number of AAC recipes were developed with this ash, producing blocks with compressive strength values ranging from 2.268 to 4.435 kPa and densities ranging from 560 to 812 kg/m3. During block production, carbon particles in the ash exhibited hydrophobic properties and separated from water at the AAC slurry/gas bubbles boundary that is produced in the rising cake. Separated carbon was unable to physically interfere with calcium silica hydrate gel formation occurring in the slurry. In addition, the alkaline environment inside the reactive AAC slurry was sufficiently high to cause the release of ammonia gas. Consequently, ammonia odor was not observed during the later setting of an undisturbed block or during curing stages of the finished block. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure and synthetic precipitation leaching procedure were found to be below the appropriate toxicity thresholds. In general, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure concentrations were higher than synthetic precipitation leaching procedure concentrations for all samples and all analytes (As, Ba, B, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb). It is concluded that the high carbon, ammonia bearing fly ash from the Stanton Unit 2 Low NOx burner/SCR pulverized coal combustion process is a suitable source of siliceous material for the production of AAC prototype block, from physical, environmental, and aesthetic perspectives.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
ASTM. ( 1996). “Standard specification for coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use as a mineral admixture in concrete.” C 618-96, West Conshohocken, Pa.
2.
ASTM. ( 1998). “Standard specification for precast autoclaved aerated concrete (PAAC) wall construction units.” C 1386-98, West Conshohocken, Pa.
3.
Backes, H., and Koch, H. ( 1988). “The properties of concrete made with NH3-bearing coal fly ash.” Betonwerk + Fertigteil-Technik, Vol. 3, 71–76 (in German and English).
4.
Franklin, H. N., and Hanney, D. P. ( 1998). “Coal plants report SCR experience, SCR NOx control.” Power Engrg., 102(4), 39–42.
5.
Greenberg, A. E., Clesceri, L. S., and Eaton, A. D., eds. ( 1996). “Method 404B carmide colorimetric method.” Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 18th Ed., American Public Health Association and American Water Works Association Water Environment Federation, Washington, D.C., 260–261.
6.
Hu, W., Neufeld, R. D., Vallejo, L. E., Kelly, C., and Latona, M. (1997). “Strength properties of autoclaved cellular concrete with high volume fly ash.”J. Energy Engrg., ASCE, 123(2), 44–54.
7.
Jones, C. ( 1997). “Maladies of low-NOx firing come home to roost.” Power, 141(1), 54–60.
8.
Kelly, C. J. ( 1996). “The fabrication of fly ash based autoclaved cellular concrete.” MS thesis, Dept. of Civ. and Envir. Engrg., School of Engrg., University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.
9.
Kosmatka, S. H., and Panarese, W. C. ( 1988). Design and control of concrete mixtures, 13th Ed., Portland Cement Association.
10.
Latona, M. C., Neufeld, R. D., Vallejo, L. E., Brandon, D., Hu, W., and Kelly, C. (1997). “Leachate and radon production from fly ash autoclaved cellular concrete.”J. Energy Engrg., ASCE, 123(2), 55–67.
11.
Neufeld, R. D., Vallejo, L. E., Hu, W., Latona, M., Carson, C., and Kelly, C. (1994). “Properties of high fly ash content cellular concrete.”J. Energy Engrg., ASCE, 120(1), 35–48.
12.
Neufeld, R. D., and Vallejo, L. E. ( 1996). “Environmental and physical properties of autoclaved cellular concrete.” Rep. to the Electric Power Research Institute, EPRI TR-105821-Vol. 1, Palo Alto, Calif., 9040–9041.
13.
Parsa, J., Munson-McGee, S. H., and Steiner, R. (1996). “Stabilization/solidification of hazardous wastes using fly ash.”J. Envir. Engrg., ASCE, 122(10), 935–940.
14.
Sloss, L. L. ( 1992). Nitrogen oxides control technology fact book, International Energy Agency, Coal Research, Noyes Data Corp., Park Ridge, N.J., 57–146.
15.
Power, 141(2), 50–51.
16.
Turner, J., Chone, S., and Dudukovic, M. ( 1994). “Ammonia/fly ash interactions and their impact on flue gas treatment technologies.” Chemical Engrg. Sci., 49(24A), 4315–4325.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
History
Received: May 2, 2001
Published online: Aug 1, 2001
Published in print: Aug 2001
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.