Phasing Down Lead in Gasoline through Economic Instruments
Publication: Journal of Energy Engineering
Volume 117, Issue 3
Abstract
The phaseout of leaded gasoline in the United States was accomplished through a series of measures known as the lead‐phasedown program. In accomplishing this program, the regulations promulgated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) employed various methods of control from pure mandate to flexibility‐based rules employing economic incentives. This paper discusses the elements of the structure of a flexible system, describes EPA's evolution into such a structure, reviews the governmental administration of the program, and estimates some of the reduced costs and increased benefits that resulted. The lessons learned should be useful for applying flexible and incentive‐based regulations to other programs.
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References
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“Costs and benefits of reducing lead in gasoline.” (1985). EPA‐230‐05‐85‐006, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
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Holley, J. W. (1988). Lead rights banking review. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
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Holley, J. W., and Nussbaum, B. D. (1987). “Distributed compliance: EPA and the lead bubble.” ASA/EPA Conferences on Interpretation of Environmental Data; Volume IV: Compliance Sampling; EPA‐230‐03‐047, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 112–120.
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“National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Report.” (1989). EPA‐450/4‐91‐003, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
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Copyright © 1991 ASCE.
History
Published online: Dec 1, 1991
Published in print: Dec 1991
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