TECHNICAL PAPERS
Dec 1, 1984

Underground Storage of Oil and Gas

Publication: Journal of Energy Engineering
Volume 110, Issue 3

Abstract

The environmental and security advantages of underground storage of oil and gas are well documented. In many cases, underground storage methods such as storage in salt domes, abandoned mines, and mined rock caverns have proven to be cost effective when compared to storage in steel tanks constructed for that purpose on the surface. In good rock conditions, underground storage of large quantities of hydrocarbon products is normally less costly—up to 50–70% of the surface alternative. Under fair or weak rock conditions, economic comparisons between surface tanks and underground caverns must be evaluated on a case to case basis. The key to successful underground storage is enactment of a realistic geotechnical approach. In addition to construction cost, storage of petroleum products underground has operational advantages over similar storage above ground. These advantages include lower maintenance costs, less fire hazards, less land requirements, and a more even storage temperature.

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References

1.
Bergman, S. Magnus, “Geo‐Planning: A Necessary Tool for Controlled Underground Construction,” presented at the September 1978 3rd International Association of Engineering Geology, held in Madrid, Spain.
2.
Bergman, S. Magnus, “Low‐Cost Storage of Petroleum Products in Salt Domes, Mines and Rock Caverns,” Proceedings of the 4th Annual ITA Meeting (Tokyo, 1978), International Tunnelling Association, 1978, pp. 33–34.
3.
Bergman, S. Magnus, “The Potential for Underground Industrial, Commercial and Storage Facilities,” University of Minnesota Report for the Minnesota Energy Agency, Minneapolis, Minn., 1978.
4.
Bergman, S. Magnus, and Fairhurst, C., “The Utilization of Subsurface Space and Its Potential in Developing Countries,” Working Paper, United Nations Division of Natural Resources and Energy, New York, N.Y., 1982.
5.
Broch, E., “Economical Aspects of Subsurface Storage in Hard Rock,” Advances in Tunnelling Technology and Subsurface Use, Vol. 2, No. 2, 1982.
6.
Calminder, A., and Hahn, T., “Recent Developments in Underground Storage Techniques,” Rock Mechanics: Caverns and Pressure Shafts, ISRM Symposium, Aachen, 1982, pp. 893–901.
7.
Davis, R., “The National Strategic Petroleum Reserve,” Underground Space, Vol. 6, No. 6, May–June, 1982, pp. 355–361.
8.
Jansson, G., “Storage of Petroleum Products in Unlined Caverns—Construction Experience,” Storage in Excavated Rock Caverns—ROCKSTORE 77 (Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium, Stockholm, 1977), Vol. 3, S. Magnus Bergman, ed., Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1978.
9.
Kelsall, P., “Factors Influencing the Costs of Underground Storage in Mined Caverns,” Underground Space, Vol. 7, No. 1, July–Aug., 1982, pp. 31–35.
10.
Maury, Vincent, “Environmental Protection, Monitoring and Operation at the Sur‐Orne Underground Oil Storage Facility,” Storage in Excavated Rock Cavernsmdash;ROCKSTORE 77 (Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium, Stockholm, 1977), Vol. 1, S. Magnus Bergman, ed., Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1978, pp. 189–195.
11.
Quast, P., and Beckel, S., “Remarks on the Present Status of Solution‐Mining Technological Planning of Storage Caverns in Salt and the Practical Results Achieved,” Proceedings of Subsurface Space Use—ROCKSTORE 80, Vol. 1, S. Magnus Bergman, ed., Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1981, pp. 369–375.
12.
Sagefors, I., and Calminder, A., “Innovative Underground Storage for Heavy Crudes and Sensitive Petroleum Products,” Underground Space, Vol. 8, No. 1, 1984, pp. 31–35.
13.
Temple, R., “Underground versus Surface Storage,” Hydrocarbon Processing, Aug., 1973, pp. 85–88.

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Go to Journal of Energy Engineering
Journal of Energy Engineering
Volume 110Issue 3December 1984
Pages: 181 - 190

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Published online: Dec 1, 1984
Published in print: Dec 1984

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S. Magnus Bergman, M. ASCE
Pres., Itasca Consulting Group, Inc., P.O. Box 14806, Minneapolis, Minn. 55414

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