Air Pollution Cleaning Wastes: Dry Versus Wet
Publication: Journal of Energy Engineering
Volume 109, Issue 3
Abstract
Wastes from dry air pollution control (APC) systems may not be less problematic to transport and landfill than wastes from wet APC Units, particularly the thixotropic flue gas desulfurization (FGD) sludge. FGD sludge can be converted to a soil‐like, disposable material by forced oxidation, fly ash blending, or lime fixation. Dry APC wastes require dust‐suppression. Dry APC wastes contain 15–23.7 weight percent of and as compared to 3.6 mole % of for wet material. Higher reagent stoichiometries have been reported for dry APC (1.3–1.5), as compared to wet systems (1.05); thus contributing greater dry waste generation rates. For a 1% sulfur, 10% ash, 10,000 Btu/1b coal, 0.14 ton of dry waste is generated per ton of coal. Oxidized FGD sludge yields 0.036 ton waste/ton coal while blended and fixated wastes contribute 0.113 and 0.12 ton of waste per ton of coal, respectively. Dry APC waste exhibited compacted density of 40 lb/CF; wet wastes reflect densities ranging from 80–90 lb/CF (oxidized), 75–90 lb/CF (blended), and 95–105 lb/CF (fixated). Higher waste rates and lower compacted densities require more area for dry APC waste disposal than for wet.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Buschman, J. C., et al., “Disposal of Wastes from Dry Removal Processes,” presented at the Sept. 28–Oct. 2, 1980, Joint Power Generating Conference, held at Phoenix, Ariz.
2.
“Chemical/Physical Stability of Flue Gas Cleaning Wastes,” EPRIFR‐671, Project 786‐2, Electric Power Research Institute, Jan., 1979.
3.
Eriksen, R. L., “The Development of Dry Flue Gas Desulfurization at Basin Electric Power Cooperative,” presented at the Jan. 22–25, 1980, Second Conference on Air Quality Management in the Electric Power Industry, held at Austin, Tex.
4.
Federal Register, Vol. 45, No. 98, May 19, 1980.
5.
Federal Register, Vol. 43, No. 243, Dec. 18, 1978.
6.
“FGD Sludge Disposal Manual,” EPRI CS‐1515, Project 1685‐1, Electric Power Research Institute, Sept., 1980.
7.
Goodwin, R. W., “Design Optimization of a Flue Gas Desulfurization Sludge Handling System,” Proceedings of Columbia University Seminar on Pollution and Water Resources, Vol. IX, 1975–1978, pp. 11–118.
8.
Goodwin, R. W., “Oxidation of Flue Gas Desulfurization Waste and the Effect on Treatment Modes,” Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, Vol. 28, No. 1, Jan., 1978, pp. 35–39.
9.
Goodwin, R. W., “Site Specific Burial of Unfixated Flue Gas Sludge,” Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 103, No. EE6, Proc. Paper 13423, Dec., 1977, p. 1108.
10.
Goodwin, R. W., “Waste Treatment and Disposal Aspects: Combustion and Air Pollution Control Process,” Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, Vol. 31, No. 7, July, 1981, pp. 744–747.
11.
Goodwin, R. W., and Gleason, R. J., “Options for Treating and Disposing of Scrubber Sludge,” Combustion, Vol. 50, No. 4, Oct., 1978, pp. 37–41.
12.
Goodwin, R. W., and Lyall, A. E. “Comparison of FGD Sludge Treatment Disposal Modes,” Proceedings of the First Annual Conference of Applied Research and Practice on Municipal and Industrial Waste, held at Madison, Wisc., Sept. 10–13, 1978, p. 342.
13.
Goodwin, R. W., et al., “Properties of Stabilized FGD Sludge,” presented at the June 25–30, 1978, 71st Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, held at Houston, Tex.
14.
Kelly, M. E., and Dickerman, J. C., “Current Status of Dry Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems,” Proceedings: Symposium on Flue Gas Desulfurization—Houston, Oct., 1980, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA‐600/9‐81‐0196, p. 773.
15.
“Lime FGD Systems Data Book and FGD Sludge Disposal Manual Seminar,” Electric Power Research Institute, May, 1980.
16.
Morasky, T. M., et al., “Evaluation of Gypsum Waste Disposal by Stacking,” Proceedings: Symposium on Flue Gas Desulfurization—Houston, October 1980, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EOA‐600/9‐18‐0195, pp. 1031–1065.
17.
Parsons, E. L., et al., “ Removal by Dry Injection and Spray Absorption Techniques,” presented at the March 9–13, 1981, Third Symposium on the Transfer and Utilization of Particulate Control Technology, sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, held at Orlando, Fla.
18.
“Recovery, Utilization and Disposal of Solid By‐Products Generated by Dry Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems: State of the Art and Research Needs,” EPRI CS‐1765, Project 1260‐16, Electric Power Research Institute, Mar., 1981.
19.
Santham, R. L. “Characterization and Environmental Monitoring of Full‐Scale Utility Waste Disposal Sites: Current Status,” Proceedings of Specialty Conference on Waste Treatment and Disposal Aspects: Combustion and Air Pollution Control Processes, held at Charlotte, N.C., Feb. 9–11, 1981, edited by the Air Pollution Control Association, p. 111.
20.
“Solid Waste Evaluation Leachate Test,” Technical Guide No. 1 (Waste Evaluation/Classification), Texas Department of Water Resources, Austin, Tex., Mar., 1978.
21.
Train, R. E., Federal Register, Vol. 40, No. 176, Sept., 10, 1975, pp. 42046–42050.
22.
Vuceta, J., et al., “Characteristics and Disposal of Solid By‐Products from Dry Gas Desulfurization Systems,” presented at the June 22–27, 1980, 73rd Annual Convention of the Air Pollution Control Association, held at Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1983 ASCE.
History
Published online: Sep 1, 1983
Published in print: Sep 1983
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.